INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF JUDICIAL POWER DURING THE RENAISSANCE OF THE UKRAINIAN STATEHOOD (1917-1918)
Journal Title: Вісник Запорізького національного університету. Юридичні науки - Year 2017, Vol 3, Issue
Abstract
The article, on the basis of analysis of normative-legal acts, explores the formation, establishment, and further development of the judiciary in the Ukrainian People’s Republic period of the Central Rada and the Ukrainian State of Pavlo Skoropadskyi. The analysis of the main changes in the judicial system is conducted. Development of the basic principles of the judiciary and their evolution are examined. Principles of the regulatory framework for the creation of judicial bodies and their competence are revealed. The structure and mechanism of formation of constituent elements of the judicial system are highlighted. The activity of judicial authorities of the Ukrainian Central Rada and Hetman P. Skoropadskyi (1917- 1918) was determined by the distinctive feature of the unification of the judicial system, in which the military courts were given powers of the judicial authorities in the field of legal relations, both military and civilian. In this period of the history of Ukraine, due to objective reasons (civil war, decay of the national economy), the state power was actually presented by the military authorities, which, in turn, transformed into a judicial one. The functioning of the Central Council of the administrative justice bodies testifies to the creation of a specialized judicial structure for the first time in Ukraine, composed of judges for the consideration of administrative cases and administrative departments of district courts and the General Court, whose competence was determined by the possibility of resolving cases in the field of public relations. During this period, judicial specialization on a sectoral basis became the first real manifestation of the exercise of the citizen’s right to decide in court disputes with bodies and officials of the state. Legislation at the time of the Hetmanate indicates that the military were already at that time considered a special subject of legal relations in the proceedings. The activity of military courts was based on the principle of specialization, determined by the legislative body, through the institution of the jurisdiction of cases to military courts. At the same time, the influence of the military regime on the judicial process increased, which determined the repressive nature of justice. The consequence of this was the assignment, under the rules of exclusive jurisdiction, to the jurisdiction of military courts cases of civilians, in particular, clerics who were not in military-management relations with the army. Based on the analysis of the legal framework, it can be determined that the period of 1917-1918 is a period of regressive character regarding democratic institutions of the functioning of the judiciary, which is connected with the conduct of combat operations at the fronts and the revolutionary movement at that time. Each change in government in Ukraine has led to the use of force-specific forces that are characteristic of wartime and, as a result, the creation of military courts with inter-sectoral competencies, whose powers extend to virtually all administrative, civil, criminal, and military relations, and the judiciary was essentially in the role of repressive authorities.
Authors and Affiliations
A. N. Sereda
Keywords
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