ІНСТРУМЕНТАЛЬНИЙ РОЗУМ ЯК РИЗИК У ФОРМУВАННІ КОРПОРАТИВНОЇ КУЛЬТУРИ І КОРПОРАТИВНОЇ СВІДОМОСТІ
Journal Title: Гуманітарний часопис - Year 2016, Vol 1, Issue 4
Abstract
Stratonova Nataliia SEMANTIC FORMATION OF POSTHUMAN IN MODERN CULTURE The relevance of this article is caused by the rapid development of informational technologies, social and communicative practices formed on their basis, rapid growth of ‘cyberpopulation’ and the needs of modern philosophy in understanding the human identity. Understanding of identity in modern culture, as well as in the Internet, is formed and actualized in the late twentieth century as a result of rapid development of computer technology. Today, the interconnection between the reality and virtual reality, cyberculture and the nascence of a new type of human identity in the XXI century attracts an increasing number of scientists. The aim of this article is to examine the main directions in the semantic formation of posthuman in modern social and virtual space in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The definition ‘posthuman’ is the key definition used by scholars today to indicate ontological, epistemological, biotechnological changes in human existence in the 20th-21st centuries. This definition is used today to analyze any contemporary view of human, including posthumanizm, transhumanism, new materialism, anti-humanism and partly metahumanizm, which ultimately creates methodological and theoretical confusion among scientists. According to the views of transfumanists, the concept of posthumanism interprets the human being as capable of changing himself so radically that, according to F. Ferrando, he can lead to the formation of posthuman in the transhumanists era. This confusion is properly associated with the post-anthropocentric and dualistic approach to posthumanism that includes both philosophical and cultural aspects. Thus, in the context of these studies, the prefix "post" captures the transition of cultural phenomenon to a different qualitative condition by indicating the otherness of the human who has replaced the "traditional" human in postmodern culture. The crisis of humanity, according to the philosopher Franz Fenon is related to its striving to create uniformity and to impose the outlook of some few as the universal truth for all humanity. The definition "posthumanism" means the non-defined, but preferable ideological alternative that protests against the traditions of humanistic thought. Thus, posthumanism is love for human after the humanist era. The main task of transhumanism is to make all achievements in science available. This direction is first of all viewed as rational outlook that is based on understanding of science and recognizes the possibility and desirability of fundamental transformation of the human being with the help of modern technologies for the purpose of eliminating suffering, aging and death, but also to significantly enhance the physical, mental and psychological abilities of human being. Transhumanism actively develops the problem of posthuman, the human nature of which is transformed by means of biotechnology. Supporters of this direction already consider themselves as transhumans because they improve their bodies with implants and actively use computer technologies. This approach resulted in a conflict between bioethics and transhumanists. The first criticize technological superiority over human nature and point to dehumanization by means of losing various traditional "meanings". Posthumanism and transhumanism offer various ways of rethinking possible existential results. Transhumanism discusses the impact of technological and scientific studies on the evolution of human existence. Posthumanizm, being formed in the post-anthropocentrism and posthumanism, does not recognize science and technology as the main engine of human development; it makes an emphasis on harmonious co-existence between the human and the machine. To a certain extent, in the context of this problem, we can appeal to bioethics, namely, the abolitionism, the movement that encourages the use of biotechnology. However in this context, the question arises whether this phenomenon will lead to obliteration of the value of axiological human nature or not.
Authors and Affiliations
Ярославна Шаталова
Keywords
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