Intellectuals and Idea of Human Rights (with Emphasis on the Second Pahlavi Era)
Journal Title: The Journal of Human Rights - Year 2011, Vol 6, Issue 1
Abstract
“Human rights” is one of the most important achievements of western civilization which could affect the internal law of many countries. In spite of the fact that some states have used human rights as a means of furthering their own interests undermining its ethical function, these rights have been formulated to respect “human dignity”. This paper tries to answer two questions: what is the relationship between intellectuals and the idea of human rights? And the second and main question is that in the second Pahlavi era what were the religious intellectual explanations of human rights? The answer to the first question is that intellectuals were among the most significant social forces who were always concerned with implementing human rights. The answer to the second is that in the second Pahlavi era, religious intellectuals were trying to draw the concepts of human rights from the traditional sources, develop and employ them against the reign of Pahlavi. e government extended to include the responsibilities of the business community and the civil society. ‘Good governance’ is more idealistic form of governance that administers public affairs and resources with utmost transparency and attention to different dimensions of human rights, as civil, cultural, economic, political and social rights. چکیده حقوق بشر یکی از مهم‌ترین دستاوردهای تمدن غرب محسوب می‌گردد و طی چند دهه اخیر نفوذ بسیاری در کشورهای جهان داشته و توانسته بر حقوق داخلی آنها تأثیرگذار باشد. اگرچه این حقوق در دست عده‌ای به عنوان حربه برای پیشبرد منافع‌شان به کار می‌رود و بدین ترتیب کارکرد اخلاقی خود را از دست می‌دهد و عده‌ای نیز بنا به دلایلی آن‌را صرفاً در حد یک آرمان تحقق‌ناپذیر تلقی می‌کنند اما با این حال باید گفت، این مجموعه قوانین به نیت انسانی و به قصد احترام به «کرامت انسان» تدوین شده و در برخی موارد توانسته تا حدودی مثمر ثمر واقع شود. این مقاله در صدد پاسخگویی به دو سؤال بر می‌آید. اول آنکه چه ارتباطی میان روشنفکران و ایده حقوق بشر وجود دارد؟ به عبارتی حقوق بشر چه اهمیت و جایگاهی برای روشنفکران دارد؟ و سؤال دوم که مرتبط با جامعه ایران دوران پهلوی دوم می‌باشد این است که روشنفکران دینی در این دوران، چه تعبیری از مفاهیم حقوق بشری داشتند و چطور از آنها استفاده می‌کردند؟ در پاسخ به سؤال نخست، فرضیه ما آن است که روشنفکران به عنوان مهم‌ترین قشر در هر جامعه‌ای تلقی می‌شوند که دغدغه برقراری ایده حقوق بشر را دارند؛ چرا که اغلب در آراء و افکارشان به مفاهیم اخلاقی و حقوق بشری توجه داشته‌اند. فرضیه‌ای که در پاسخ به سؤال دوم ارائه می‌شود آن است که در این دوران (پهلوی دوم) متفکران و روشنفکران دینی سعی داشته‌اند مفاهیم حقوق بشری را از منابع سنتی استخراج کنند، آنها را بپرورند و در راستای مبارزه با رژیم مورد نظر به کار ببرند.
Authors and Affiliations
Mahdi Rahbari, Mohammad Ghorbanpour Sheykhani
Keywords
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