Interactions of Immunomodulatory HLA-G with Immune Cells during Pregnancy and Endometriosis
Journal Title: Gynecology and Obstetrics Research – Open Journal - Year 2015, Vol 2, Issue 4
Abstract
The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC), the genetic region that encodes the proteins responsible for tissue graft rejection,1 encodes MHC Class I (MHC-I) and MHC Class II (MHC-II) glycoproteins. There are two subclasses of MHC-I proteins. Classical MHC-I (MHC-Ia) proteins are membrane-bound isoforms that are expressed in all nucleated cells of the body and present intracellular pathogen-derived peptides or the animal’s own peptides on the cell surface for immune recognition by CD8 T cells. Contrary to MHC-Ia proteins, nonclassical MHC-I (MHC-Ib) molecules are less polymorphic, possess specific molecular motifs in their transmembrane domains and contain premature stop codons. MHC-II proteins are expressed only by professional Antigen Presenting Cells (APC), which present extracellular pathogen-derived or self-peptides bound to MHC-II proteins on their cell surface for recognition by CD4 T cells. Immunological recognition of pathogens involves proteolysis of foreign pathogen into peptides which are assembled on MHC-I and -II glycoproteins. Interaction of MHC-I and MHC-II-peptide complexes with CD8 and CD4 T Cell Receptors (TCR), respectively, leads to effector functions including removal of infected cells to clear the infection. The fetal allograft must remain unharmed by the mother’s potentially hostile immune system throughout the term. Several mechanisms have been reported which contribute to immune tolerance to the fetus including the production of Transforming Growth Factor beta 1 (TGF)-β1 and Interleukin-10 (IL-10) by T-regulatory cells (Tregs), secretion of prolactin, progesterone and gonadotropin by both fetal and endometrial cells, secretion of immunosuppressive cytokines, chemokines, and prostaglandins which dampen T lymphocyte proliferation.
Authors and Affiliations
Parveen Parasar
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP553577
- DOI 10.17140/ GOROJ-2-121
- Views 169
- Downloads 0
Bilateral Massive Hematoma of Bartholin Glands after Prolonged Labour: A Case Report
Background: The early postpartum hematoma represents a rare complication which can appear in the early post-partum period. Its formation and development is favoured by the hypervascularization of the genital area during...
Female Genital Schistosomiasis: A Neglected Tropical Disease
Female genital schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease. Few clinicians consider it in their differential diagnosis. Yet this disease affects hundreds of millions of people. Hundreds of thousands of them actually...
Assessment of Maternal Nifedipine as a Tocolytic Agent on the Doppler Indices of Uterine and Fetal Umbilical and Middle Cerebral Arteries
Objective: This study was designed to assess the effects of maternal nifedipine administration on blood flow resistance in uterine, umbilical and fetal middle cerebral arteries by evaluating resistance index (RI) and pul...
Low-Grade Serous Carcinoma – The Clinical Challenge
Low-grade serous carcinoma is one of the five major histological types of ovarian carcinoma associated with a specific biology. We reviewed three cases from our institution to demonstrate the variable clinical course and...
Different Uses of Chitosan for Treating Serious Obstetric Hemorrhages
Postpartum hemorrhage is a major cause of maternal death worldwide. Many therapeutic strategies have been developed to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality like oxytocin, prostaglandin, and uterine balloons. A new mem...