INTRA SPERMIC CALCIUM STORE IN REVERSIBLE STATE OF CALCIUM RIGOR IS RESPONSIBLE FOR SPERM MOTILITY AND POLYSPERMY PREVENTION – A NEW PERSPECTIVE
Journal Title: International Journal of Basic and Applied Physiology - Year 2017, Vol 6, Issue 1
Abstract
Non-pulsatile GnRH during spermatogenesis is responsible for production of less Estrogen [OE] and Progesterone[PR] with more Androgens in male. With relative lack of PR [respiratory alkalosis] induced Ca2+ lowering mechanism, Ca2+ bioavailability is enhanced in male. Ca2+ triggered centriolar spindle contraction favouring mitotic and meiotic divisions of spermatocytes produce millions of haploid spermatids daily and stockpile them in reversible Ca2+ rigor state in anaerobic acidic environment of male genital tract. Thus intraspermic Ca2+ store is formed. On ejaculation aerobic environment favours spermic mitochondrial ATP production causing Ca2+ detachment from its’ binding site, maintains continuous supply of active IntraSpermic Ca2+. Resultant continuous Spermic Ca2+ efflux triggers semen coagulation, coagulum liquefaction by acrosomal proteolytic enzymes action and restores sperm motility with cyclical binding and releasing of Ca2+ from flagellar contractile proteins. Motile sperm penetrate corona radiata of secondary oocyte by proteolytic acrosomal enzyme action and bind to species specific Zona Pellucida [ZP] receptor. On entry, sperm loses membrane releasing active Ca2+ intra-oocytically. Resultant Ca2+ wave/spark triggers centriolar contraction forming second polar body cause progress in arrested 2nd meiosis of secondary oocyte. Ca2+ wave/spark is responsible for fast electrical block and triggers slow block by Ca2+ salts deposition at oolemma, prevent further sperm entry.
Authors and Affiliations
Asha Anand Dharwadkar, Anand Rajendra Dharwadkar, Bindu Balakrishnan Chenmarathy
Keywords
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