Is the Pain Real or Not?
Journal Title: Nursing and Health Care - Year 2018, Vol 3, Issue 1
Abstract
Chronic pain (constant pain lasting 6 months or longer) is a subjective experience, which is influenced by many pre-morbid (before the onset of pain) psychological problems. However, chronic pain often can produce depression, anxiety, and marital difficulties. Although physical examination and other studies, including x-ray studies, 3D-CT, electromyelograms (EMG), nerve conduction velocity studies and MRI in many cases may document an organic basis of chronic back pain, some organic syndromes defydefinition by objective tests. This may be a greater problem for women, where physician prejudice can result in a significantly less extensive evaluation of their complaints of back pain. Also, any litigation may influence symptoms and the type of litigation may influence outcomes. Therefore, there is a need to differentiate between “organic” and “functional” (negative physical and laboratory examination) back pain.
Authors and Affiliations
Nelson Hendler
Keywords
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