JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS, RECENT PERSPECTIVES ON VIRUS GENOME, TRANSMISSION, EPIDEMIOLOGY, DIAGNOSIS AND PROPHYLACTIC INTERVENTIONS
Journal Title: Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences - Year 2017, Vol 5, Issue 0
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis (JE) is an emerging mosquito-borne zoonotic disease caused by Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). Geographic and ecological factors such as global warming and climate change affect the demographic distribution of arthropod vectors and thereby favour the risk of JE epidemics across the world. It has become a devastating human disease that affects paediatric age group but people of all ages may get an infection. Furthermore, nearly 67,900 JEV incidences are occurring every year in 24 countries of South-East Asia and Western Pacific regions, wherein 10,426 cases were reported only in 2011. Although the mechanism for JEV pathogenesis is imprecise yet, significant scales of differences are professed in peripheral pathogenicity and neurovirulence between JEV strains. In addition to humans, a large number of vertebrate animal hosts viz. cattle, sheep, goat, dog, cat, and chicken get JEV infection. Of the note, birds and pigs serve as effective viraemic hosts and may help in dissemination of the disease in nature. Intervention strategies like vaccination as well as alteration in agricultural practices, health education, integrated vector control programme, strengthening of diagnostic facilities together with active surveillance programs along with the ‘one health’ approach might help to combat the emergence of this lethal pathogen and to safeguard human and animal health. This review abridges the updated information on virus genome, transmission, epidemiology, diagnosis and preventive measures to reduce the burden of JE amongst human and animal population.
Authors and Affiliations
Arumugam Karthikeyan, Subramaniyan Shanmuganathan, Selvaraj Pavulraj, Govinthasamy Prabakar, Kannan Porteen, Govindaraj Elaiyaraja, Yashpal Singh Malik
Keywords
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- EP ID EP427741
- DOI 10.18006/2017.5(6).730.748
- Views 33
- Downloads 0
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