Justifying Reasons for Giving Employment Priorities to Isargaran and Veterans in Iranian and American Law
Journal Title: The Journal of Human Rights - Year 2013, Vol 7, Issue 2
Abstract
Equality is one of the principles and fundamental rights of human being. There has been lots of talk about equality and justice, but the legal aspect of this principle is still under dispute. Human beings are born equal, so their life has an equal moral value. This principle, along with prohibiting discrimination and bias rejection, has a great impact in the legislative and administrative decisions and is accepted in the Constitution and international norms. But here the important point in this matter is a formation of a paradox in the concept of the principle of equality in today's law. There is a kind of discrimination in the legal and social relationship, within the quest for equality. Privileges that granted to soldiers returning from war and their descendants is an issue that arises during or immediately after every war and because of its discriminatory nature becomes a controversial matter at first glance, and there are widespread opinions regarding this issue. In this article, we try to examine justifying reasons for giving employment priorities to veterans based on the theory of permissible discrimination and equality and to allude to isargaran and veterans' employment priority in Iran and the United States law. Therefore, at first, we examine the theoretical discussions and preference of veterans in America's law. In the next part, in the light of the findings of the first part, veterans and isargaran employment preference will be debated in the United States and Iran's judicial system. Discussing this privilege, we conclude that this privilege is granted to veterans and isargaran according to the theory of permissible discrimination and equality and none of these theories is completely accepted by the legislature of Iran and America and various theories have been used according to time and place. چکیده برابری یکی از اصول و حقوق بنیادین بشر به شمار می‌رود این اصل در کنار منع تبعیض و نفی جانبداری در قانونگذاری و تصمیمات اداری تأثیر فراوانی دارد و در قوانین اساسی و قواعد بین‌المللی پذیرفته شده است. اما نکتۀ مهم در این امر شکل‌گیری تناقضی در مفهوم اصل برابری در حقوق امروز است که از بطن تلاش برای برابری، گونه‌ای تبعیض در مناسبات حقوقی و اجتماعی به وجود می‌آید. این اقدام را تبعیض‌روا می‌نامند که نوعی تبعیض‌زدایی از طریق تبعیض است. از طرف دیگر امتیازات اعطایی به سربازان بازگشته از جنگ و بازماندگان آن‌ها موضوعی است که در خلال یا بلافاصله پس از هر جنگ مطرح و به سبب ماهیت تبعیض‌آمیز آن در نگاه اولیه به موضوعی بحث‌برانگیز تبدیل می‌شود و نظریات گسترده‌ای در مورد آن وجود دارد. در این نوشتار سعی بر آن است تا اولویت استخدامی ایثارگران را در چارچوب نظریه‌های تبعیض‌روا و برابری بررسی کنیم و در این زمینه اشاره‌ای هم به بحث امتیازات کهنه‌سربازان در حقوق ایالات متحده خواهیم داشت. لذا ابتدا مباحث نظری و امتیازات کهنه‌سربازان در حقوق امریکا را بررسی می‌کنیم و در بخش بعد در پرتو یافته‌های قسمت اول، اولویت‌های استخدامی ایثارگران در نظام حقوقی جمهوری اسلامی ایران به بحث گذاشته خواهد شد. با بحث در مورد امتیازات به این نتیجه خواهیم رسید که تبعیض‌روا و برابری یکی از دلایل این امتیازات بوده و هیچ‌کدام از این نظریات به طور کامل از طرف قانونگذار ایران و امریکا پذیرفته نشده است و به فراخور زمان و مکان از نظریالت مختلف استفاده شده است
Authors and Affiliations
Ali Akbar Gorji Azandaryani, Alireza Zare' Shahneh, Younes Fathi
Keywords
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