Kamienie milowe w chemii klinicznej
Journal Title: Wiadomości Chemiczne - Year 2016, Vol 70, Issue 1
Abstract
Clinical chemistry is the science on the border of the two disciplines: medicine and chemistry. It is defined as the application of the chemistry in the study of biological samples in order to diagnose, treat, cure diseases as well as in monitoring and prognosis [1]. Development of clinical chemistry is dated on the 19th century. Biuret test, and a method for detection of sugar in the urine were then described, also blood gases were extracted [13, 17]. In the mid of 19th century blood could be analyzed for the presence of potassium, sodium, phosphorus and calcium [31]. In the second half of 19th century Duboscq built first colorimeter. This model was widely adapted in laboratories and was in use till the 20-ties of 20th century [44]. Colorimetry also became the most popular technique in the clinical chemistry. In the 80ties of 19th century was developed a method for estimating the concentration of creatinine and detection of bilirubin [36, 39]. Increasing number of available laboratory tests resulted in the separation laboratory diagnostic as a distinguish branch of science. At the beginning of 20th century has been introduced quantitative analytical methods for determination of ammonia, urea, creatinine, cholesterol, uric acid, nitrogen, phosphorus, and chloride in biological fluids as well as measurements of blood gases. In 1930 was introduced clinical enzymology with the first method for assessing the activity of alkaline phosphatase. In the mid of 20th century in the medical laboratories routinely were measured amylase, lipase, acid and alkaline phosphatase, phosphocreatine kinase, alanine and asparagine aminotransferases [78, 79]. Development of electrical engineering and computing resulted with intensive development of laboratory instruments. First automated spectrophotometer was invented in 1957 (Autoanalyzer, Technicon company). In 1970, Automatic Clinical Analyzer f. Du Pont was able to perform determinations in any configurations not as so far in the series [99].
Authors and Affiliations
Katarzyna Klimasz, Przemysław Tomasik
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP584995
- DOI -
- Views 139
- Downloads 0
Zastosowanie soli chinoliniowych i pirydyniowych do oznaczania wybranych związków siarki w próbkach biologicznych
heterocyclic ring [4, 13, 23]. In analytical chemistry quinolinium and pyridinium salts such as 2-chloro-1-methylquinolinium tetrafluoroborate (CMQT) or 1-benzyl-2-chloropyridinium bromide (BCPB) perform very well as thi...
Reakcje asymetrycznego otwierania pierścienia azyrydyn
Aziridines, the nitrogenous analogues of epoxides, are useful building blocks for the synthesis of various functional materials and biologically active compounds. The reactivity of aziridines toward ring opening and expa...
Właściwości wewnątrzcząsteczkowych wiązań wodorowych w wybranych N-tlenkach pochodnych chinoliny
In the current article we would like to summarize our research shedding light onto properties of intramolecular hydrogen bonds present in N-oxide quinoline derivatives. The compounds for the current study were chosen to...
1’-homonukleoz(t)ydy : synteza i aktywność biologiczna
Long-lasting interest in the synthesis of nucleos(t)ide analogues is dictated by hope to obtain compounds possessing antibacterial, antiviral and antitumor activities [1, 2]. Introduction of a methylene linker between an...
Enzymy w chemii analitycznej
There are three main fields of modern analytical chemistry where enzymes are presented: (1) biorecognition, biosensing and biodetection schemes, especially important in case of biosensors, (2) enzymes as analytes, and (3...