Leptospirosis. The comparison of classification and nomenclature approaches of this zoonosis in Ukraine and in other countries of the world (review)
Journal Title: Бюлетень "Ветеринарна біотехнологія" - Year 2018, Vol 32, Issue
Abstract
Introduction. In our opinion, the prevention and effective control of leptospirosis in our country is difficult because approach of the Leptospira classification differs from one in Europe (Germany, England, Italy, Sweden etc.) and in the North America (USA, Canada). Therefore, the exchange of information on Leptospira circulation in Ukraine with international organizations and scientists from other countries is very complicated. It makes the implementation of their methods and protocols in the practice of veterinary institutions more difficult. The goal of the work was to analyze approaches to the leptospirosis classification and nomenclature in Ukraine and other countries in the world: Germany, England, Italy, Sweden, USA etc. Materials and methods. We used accessible data of domestic and foreign scientific scientists, directories and electronic resources of the Internet. Results of research and discussion. Currently, there are two approaches to the classification of leptospirosis: serological (phenotypical) and genotypical. The fundamentals of serological classification approach were state by Bergi in 1980. He suggested to differentiate pathogenic and saprophytic forms of Leptospira according to five indicators: pathogenicity, growth at +13°C, growth inhibition by 8-azaguanine, conversion into spherical forms in 1 M solution NaCl during 2 hours and by lipase activity. By phenotypical approach there are two species of Leptospira: L. interrogans (pathogenic Leptospira) and L. biflexa (saprophytic Leptospira) are common in the former Soviet countries, and Ukraine in particular. Due to the development of molecular biology, genotypical approach gains popularity and practical significance among scientists for the leptospirosis classification. It is based on the differences of genome structure of various Leptospira strains and grouping of serovars and serogroups by genomospecies. All necessary data for this classification are obtained using full-genome sequencing, multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE) or multilocus variation assay (MLVA). Using these methods, species that include both pathogenic and saprophytic Leptospira serovars (intermediate species) were discovered: L. broomii, L. inadai, L. licerasiae, L wolfii and L. fainei. Through these methods, the number of pathogenic Leptospira species L. interrogans included another one serogroup – Hurstbridge, which have never been detected in Ukraine. Pathogenic species were replenished with L. kirschneri, L. borgpetersenii, L. mayottensis, L. santarosai, L. noguchii, L. weilii, L. alexanderi, and L. alstonii (about 20 species are known). Using the MLEE, it was possible to isolate several strains by the genome structure within each serovar, that are characterized by a certain heterogenity. These methods had significant influence on the scientific perspectives about leptospirosis classification and greatly facilitate the diagnosis of this zoonosis, because it makes it easy to identify isolates that are found in biological fluids and tissues. Regarding nomenclature, the current name of Leptospira is written as follows: – genus (Leptospira) is written by the Latin letter L.; – species – interrogans; – the name of serovar is written with a small letter; – the name of serogroup is written with a capital letter. For example, L. interrogans serovar grippotyphosa (serogroup Grippotyphosa) or serovar tarassovi (serogroup Tarassovi). However, in the literature and in practice, there is often a “simplified” name that does not correspond to the current nomenclature: L. icterohaemorrhagiae, L. pomona, L. grippotyphosa, etc., since it is not the names of genomospecies, but serovars.
Authors and Affiliations
Anton Pyskun, Vitaliy Ukhovskyi, Serghiy Nychyk, Olena Pyskun, Oleksandra Melnychenko, Artur Bynda
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP406136
- DOI 10.31073/vet_biotech32(2)-51
- Views 115
- Downloads 0
The echinococcoses: the present situation and genotypes differentiation (review)
Introduction. Echinococcosis is a parasitic disease caused by tapeworms belonging to the genus Echinococcus, family Taeniidae. Depending on the infecting species or genotype, transmission predominantly occurs in stock-fa...
Acute toxicity of the imidacloprid in quails
Introduction. Results of the determination of acute toxicity for classification of substances, which is expressed in median lethal dose index (LD50) that defines statistically significant dose of a substance which causes...
Epidemiological situation of classical swine fever in the world in 2012–2017
Introduction. Classical swine fever (CSF) is one of the most important transboundary virus contagious multisystem diseases of domestic pigs and wild boar worldwide with huge significant socio-economic impact. The goal o...
Leptospirosis. The comparison of classification and nomenclature approaches of this zoonosis in Ukraine and in other countries of the world (review)
Introduction. In our opinion, the prevention and effective control of leptospirosis in our country is difficult because approach of the Leptospira classification differs from one in Europe (Germany, England, Italy, Swede...
The basic toxical properties of fumonisins
Introduction. Feed is highly contaminated with the fungi of the genus Fusarium in Ukraine. But there is no any monitoring program for the Fusarium fungi detection that able to produce fumonisins in feed.The goal of the w...