Abstract

The aim of this study was to characterize the poultry production system in Gharbia governorate and assessing the risk of contamination of poultry feed with mycotoxins. A total of 65 poultry farms were visited, in addition to interviewing owners and/or workers, poultry feed samples were collected. Feed samples were analysed for the detection of Total Aflatoxin (TA) and Ochratoxin A (OTA). The concentrations of TA and OTA were determined using direct competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. About 50% and 36% of farms were rearing ducks and broiler chickens, respectively. The number of birds per cycle was varied between less than 5,000 to more than 20,000. 58.5% of poultry farms reported having special designated area for dead poultry disposal and 77% of poultry farms used branded commercial feed. The mean length of storage of feed at the farm was five days and about 75% reported having a special poultry feed store. Almost all poultry farmers reported that, they have heard about mycotoxins and more than 80% used anti-mycotoxins as feed additives. All samples were contaminated with both Aflatoxins and Ochratoxins. The mean concentration of Aflatoxins in feed samples was 73.25 ppb, and 100% of samples were higher than the maximum permissible limit (20 ppb). The mean concentration of Ochratoxins in feed samples was 43.58 ppb, and 2.22% of samples were higher than the MPL (100 ppb). In conclusion, the hygienic conditions of the current poultry production system in Gharbia governorate were not optimum. This would increase the likelihood of disease transmission between poultry farms and the likelihood of contamination of poultry feed with mycotoxins. Breeder companies and poultry feed traders could play a role in raising the awareness of poultry producers with the importance of hygiene and biosecurity. Further studies for the economic impacts of mycotoxins on poultry production are required.

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