Management of Urinary Stone Disease: Prevention, Treatment and Follow-Up
Journal Title: Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research (BJSTR) - Year 2018, Vol 9, Issue 5
Abstract
Urinary stone disease is a common affliction of modern society. With westernization of global culture, the incidence of urinary stone disease is increasing worldwide. The prevalence varies on different societies due to the geographical, genetic and dietary factors [1]. In countries with a high standard of life such as Canada, USA or Nordic Societies, urinary stone prevalence is notably high as >10% [2]. Male/female predominancy have been decreasing over recent years [3]. In addition, children tend to form urinary stones from earlier ages [3]. All these determinations mentioned above reveal that stone formation is an important public health problem to be seriously concerned.The risk for stone formation is of particular interest because of its association with prevention and recurrence. In addition, it is imperative for pharmacological treatment [4]. Approximately 50% of stone formers experience recurrence of stones once in their remaining lifetime [4]. However, a group of patients are under high- risk of recurrence so they are possible candidates for preventive pharmacological therapies. High-Risk Stone Former: a) Early Onset of Stone Formation. b) Familial Stone Formation. c) Solitary Kidney. d) Hyperparathyroidism. e) Metabolic Syndrome. f) Gastrointestinal Malabsorptive Conditions. g) Neurogenic Bladder h) Cystinuria. i) Renal Tubular Acidosis Type 1. j) Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction. k) Vesicoureterorenal Reflux. l) Horseshoe Kidney. Urinary stones can be classified due to their composition, aetiology or characteristics on radiography. Stone composition is the basis for further management of patients. Urinary stones often compose of a mixture of different minerals. (Table 1) summarizes the most relevant components. Aetiology is another parameter for classification of urinary stones. It is also important to prevent recurrence in stone formers in their rest of life. (Table 2) lists groups of urinary stones according to their aetiology. Appearance of urinary stones on radiography is associated with their mineral composition. In addition, non-contrast-enhanced computed tomography can be used to determine the density of the stones which would affect treatment decisions (Table 3).
Authors and Affiliations
Mete Özkidik, Tuncer Baheci, Anar Ibrahimov
Keywords
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- EP ID EP591839
- DOI 10.26717/BJSTR.2018.09.001862
- Views 209
- Downloads 0
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