Measles
Journal Title: Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research (BJSTR) - Year 2018, Vol 10, Issue 1
Abstract
Measles is one of the highly contagious, serious disease caused by rubeola virus. Before the vaccine for measles it has caused almost 2.3 million deaths each year, mostly children under age of 5 years. Measles is a human disease and there is no evidence that it ever occurred in animals [1]. Measles virus is spread mostly by droplet route like coughing, sneezing, close personal contact with the infected individual. Virus has the capability to remain active for at least 2 hours in the air or on infected surfaces. Infected individual can lead to some serious complications: pneumonia, seizures, laryngotracheobronchitis, otitis media [2]. It is essential that proper diagnosis and vaccination is important to prevent the onset of disease and to avoid any complications. Therefore, a live attenuated vaccine is available to prevent the onset of disease [3].Measles is still serious health problem in developing countries, and an estimated death are 74% in 2000 to 2010. The WHO Global action plan for 2020 has a target to eliminate measles in at least five regions by 2020. Elimination is defined as "the absence of endemic measles transmission in a defined geographical area" [4]. However, in the pre-vaccine era, the season for outbreak is usually late winter and early spring while in tropical climatic condition outbreaks occurred in the dry season [5]. Before vaccination measles is a disease of young children and improved vaccination coverage has reduced the likelihood of childhood exposure at earlier stages. Estimated global burden of measles has so far exceeded 9.7 million cases in 2015. The measles strategic planning (MSP) developed by WHO provides an excellent tool to analyze immunization and surveillance data [6].Measles is a viral disease that can spread rapidly, and it can be an endemic condition. The symptoms of measles always have fever accompanied with at least one of the Cs: Cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, and symptoms usually appear after 12 days. The infection occurs through air borne particle and the initial sign of infection is high grade fever, which begins in 10 to 12 days after exposure to virus and lasts up to 7 days. Fever is accompanied by runny nose, red and watery eyes, and small white spots inside the cheeks. After few days' rash starts to erupt and most commonly on the face and neck area, and then in about 3 days it starts to spread reaching to hands and feet. On average rash occur 14 days after exposure to the virus. However, complication from measles are common and some are life threatening and those individuals who have weak immune system are at the greater risk also older people are more likely to complication than healthy children over the age of five years, and those patients with weak immune system are more susceptible to bacterial pneumonia. Measles in pregnancy can lead to miscarriage, low birth weight of infant. When virus enters the body, it multiplies in the back of throat, lungs and lymphatic system [7] (Figure 1).
Authors and Affiliations
Muhammad S Khan, Saifullah Khan
Keywords
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- EP ID EP591841
- DOI 10.26717/BJSTR.2018.10.001880
- Views 183
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