Metabolic disorders and nutritional status in autoimmune thyroid diseases
Journal Title: Advances in Hygiene and Experimental Medicine - Year 2015, Vol 69, Issue 0
Abstract
In recent years, the authors of epidemiological studies have documented that autoimmune diseases are a major problem of modern society and are classified as diseases of civilization. Autoimmune thyroid diseases (ATDs) are caused by an abnormal immune response to autoantigens present in the thyroid gland – they often coexist with other autoimmune diseases. The most common dysfunctions of the thyroid gland are hypothyroidism, Graves-Basedow disease and Hashimoto’s disease. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis can be the main cause of primary hypothyroidism of the thyroid gland. Anthropometric, biochemical and physicochemical parameters are used to assess the nutritional status during the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid diseases. Patients with hypothyroidism are often obese, whereas patients with hyperthyroidism are often afflicted with rapid weight loss. The consequence of obesity is a change of the thyroid hormones’ activity; however, weight reduction leads to their normalization. The activity and metabolic rate of thyroid hormones are modifiable. ATDs are associated with abnormalities of glucose metabolism and thus increased risk of developing diabetes mellitus type 1 and type 2. Celiac disease (CD) also increases the risk of developing other autoimmune diseases. Malnutrition or the presence of numerous nutritional deficiencies in a patient’s body can be the cause of thyroid disorders. Coexisting deficiencies of such elements as iodine, iron, selenium and zinc may impair the function of the thyroid gland. Other nutrient deficiencies usually observed in patients suffering from ATD are: protein deficiencies, vitamin deficiencies (A, C, B6, B5, B1) and mineral deficiencies (phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, sodium, chromium). Proper diet helps to reduce the symptoms of the disease, maintains a healthy weight and prevents the occurrence of malnutrition. This article presents an overview of selected documented studies and scientific reports on the relationship of metabolic disorders and nutritional status with the occurrence of ATD.
Authors and Affiliations
Anna Kawicka, Bożena Regulska-Ilow
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP67584
- DOI -
- Views 119
- Downloads 0
Dietary patterns as risk factors of differentiated thyroid carcinoma
Nutritional factors are known to be important in the development of different metabolic diseases. The history of nodular or diffuse goiter is closely related to risk of thyroid carcinoma. On account of the function of th...
Nanostructures: General information. The use of nanoobjects in medicine and cosmetology
The general tendency towards the miniaturization of technological systems and materials has prompted intensive development of nanotechnology. It is a quickly developing area of science devoted to the production and appli...
Obesity and gastrointestinal neoplasms
Being overweight or obese is a significant public health problem in the 21st century due to its scale, common existence and its cause-effect association with multiple diseases. Excessive accumulation of adipose tissue in...
A remedy against obesity? The role of lactoferrin in the metabolism of glucose and lipids
Obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia/type II diabetes and hypertension together constitute the so-called metabolic syndrome. Frequency of occurrence of these serious metabolic disturbances is associated with life style a...
Kultury korzeni włośnikowatych źródłem cennych biofarmaceutyków
Rośliny od wieków są dla człowieka źródłem substancji leczniczych. Zdobycze dzisiejszej nauki, w tym biotechnologii molekularnej, pozwalają w coraz większym stopniu korzystać z ich ogromnego potencjału. Stały się m.in. o...