Metal Exposure and Oxidative Stress Induced Parkinson’s Disease
Journal Title: Journal of Medical Science And clinical Research - Year 2015, Vol 3, Issue 5
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by dopamine deficiency and loss of neurons in the SubstantiaNigra (SN) of brain. The deficiency of dopamine, thereafter, presents in the form of a number of motor and non-motor deficiencies and complications. Our understanding about PD is still evolving and treatments available for this disease are still quite basic. Therefore, better understanding of the pathological events linked with this disease may help us devise better treatment protocols of the disease. Increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxidative stress, seems to be the centerpiece of PD pathology. Increased oxidative stress in PD is mainly the result of by-products generated from dopamine metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inadequate activity of the brain’s antioxidant system. Once generated, ROS cause damage to the brain due to its high unsaturated fatty acid content, which makes it quite sensitive to oxidative injury. In our daily life we’re exposed to different metals and metals have been long linked as risk factors for PD development. Therefore, in this article we’ve considered three important metals (iron, aluminum, and copper), most of which we encounter time to time in domestic, occupational and environmental standpoints. This review, therefore, is concerned with discussing the role of these metals with increased oxidative stress in brain. Moreover, this review will also discuss how this increase in oxidative stress is linked to various component of PD pathology.
Authors and Affiliations
Adnan Bashir Bhatti
Keywords
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