METHODS PRESEEDING PREPARATION SEEDS OF BEET ROOT

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METHODS PRESEEDING PREPARATION SEEDS OF BEET ROOT

Journal Title: Овочівництво і баштанництво - Year 2019, Vol 1, Issue 65

Abstract

The aim of the research. To develop methods of pre-sowing processing of table beet seed, to determine optimum parameters and component composition; to establish efficiency on the effect on seed quality, yield and quality of beet production. Methods. Laboratory, field, statistical. Results. Treatment of beet seed microwave field exposure of 100 seconds enhances germination energy to 47,7 %, laboratory germination – up 64,7%; by exposure 80–90 seconds – the level 42,7–43,7 % and 51,3–55,3 % respectively. Positive effect on the yield of root crops is indicated only at the exposure of 90 seconds (increase in total yield by 4,6–7,3 t/ha or 11,9–14,3 % relative to control). Using the exposure for 80 seconds led to a decrease in the productivity of the crop. The use of microwave irradiation can both suppress and intensify the biochemical and biophysical processes in plant tissues. At an exposure of 80 seconds, there is a significant increase in dry matter root crops (16,52 %), a tendency to increase the content of sugars (9,72 %); for exposure to 90 seconds – a tendency to increase the content of ascorbic acid (12,66 mg/100 g), exposure to 100 seconds - a tendency to increase the content of total sugars (10.05 %), a negative tendency to reduce the dry matter content (15,09 %) and betanine (375 mg/kg). Containing seed incrustation has a significant advantage over simple seed soaking with microfertilizer solutions and growth regulators. The use of succinic acid in intact seeds results in a significant increase in the laboratory similarity of the seeds to the background without the use of micronutrients (80,7 %), for the use of microfertilizer “Master” (85,0 %). Gumat potassium causes a positive tendency in combination with the use of micronutrient “Reakom” (79,3 %), whereas in other backgrounds there is a decrease in this indicator for the use of the indicated growth regulator. The most effective was the use of the growth regulator of succinic acid with microfertilizer “Master”, provided the growth of laboratory germin ation of seeds to 80,2 %, and the incrustation of seeds – to 85,0 %. Conclusions. The expediency of processing of beet seed with low germination (42 %) with microwave radiation with exposure of 90 seconds has been proved, which provides increase of energy of germination up to 43,7 %, laboratory germination of seeds to 55,3 %, increase of yield of root crops by 4,0 t/ha or 11,4 %, improvement of biochemical composition of products (increase of content of betanin and ascorbic acid, reduction of nitrate content). The influence of growth regulators and complex microfertilizers on the laboratory and crop seed germination after its inla ying has been analyzed. The optimal combination of components of the mixture for inlaying is determined: Semia-color dye with a rate of consumption of 10 l/t, succinic acid (0,01 %) and microfertilizer “Master” (0,025 %). The use of such a mixture results in an increase in the laboratory germination of the seeds to 85,0 %, field germination – up to 76,8 %, and has certain economic benefits (cost reduction to 684.5 UAH/t, profitability of 44%).

Authors and Affiliations

O. M. Mogilnay, O. V. Kuts, E. O. Dukhin, Yu. A. Molchanov, V. V. Mohylniy

Keywords

EP ID EP644854
DOI 10.32717/0131-0062-2019-65-66-75
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