METHODS TO MEASURE THE GENDER WAGE GAP IN EUROPEAN UNION
Journal Title: European Journal of Business and Social Sciences - Year 2016, Vol 4, Issue 12
Abstract
When we calculate an employee’s average hourly wage from his/her monthly pay, we divide such pay by monthly working hours. The questions are that which pay and working hours should we use? There are international resolutions from the United Nations and European Union that answer this question. When we calculate men’s or women’s average hourly wage there is a paradox: Many different formulas are used but they are typically not explained. Most often, men’s average hourly wage is calculated as an unweighted average of individual men’s average hourly wages or as a weighted average of individual men’s average wages weighted by working hours. Typically these results are not equal. In the statistical part of this study we concentrate on the question “Which formula is correct when calculating the gender wage gap?†We show that calculating the weighted average is preferable to the current officially and generally used unweighted average method.
Authors and Affiliations
Pauli Sumanen| BSc, mathematics and statistics, graduated from University of Helsinki 1965 Independent working time and salary/wage researcher, retired *Corresponding author: paulisumanen@gmail.com (author of the sociological and statistical study), Jouni Luukkainen| PhD, Docent, University of Helsinki, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland (author of Appendix A, the mathematical study)
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP10726
- DOI -
- Views 239
- Downloads 14
ASSESSING FINANCIAL REPORTING PRACTICES AMONG SMALL SCALE ENTERPRISES IN KUMASI METROPOLITAN ASSEMBLY
Small Scale Enterprises have been the builder of many economies in the world. But many die off soon after their establishment. This menace is attributed to poor financial management among small businesses. The aim of...
TALENT MANAGEMENT, MANAGEMENT OF CHANGE AND FIRM PERFORMANCE: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY ON GOVERNMENT LINK COMPANIES (GLCS) IN MALAYSIA
The Malaysian Government has acquired a large shareholding in several Malaysian companies to meet national aspirations, social concerns and global challenges. Known as ‘GovernmentLinked Companies’ or GLCs, they pla...
DEVELOPING RIVER TOURISM ON THE UPPER MEKONG: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
Rivers are fascinating places which constitute a significant tourism resource of cultural heritage and natural environment. Surprisingly, there is little attention among policymakers involved in the development of riv...
JOB SATISFACTION AND MOTIVATION: WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENCE AMONG THESE TWO?
Motivation and Job Satisfaction as the most discussed topic in Organizational behaviour have accumulated huge numbers of empirical researches over years. Both these two factors have been proven as main contribution f...
ANALYSIS OF THE IMPLICATIONS OF RELIGIOUS TEACHINGS AND PRACTICES ON SPENDING PATTERN, CONSUMPTION AND BUSINESS SUCCESS IN NIGERIA INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT
The study presents an empirical analysis of the implication of religious teachings and practices with particular reference to Christian prosperity message on spending pattern, consumption and business success on indus...