Microwave-assisted Preparation of Cross-linked Gelatin-Paracetamol Matrices: Optimization Using the D-optimal Design
Journal Title: Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences - Year 2021, Vol 18, Issue 2
Abstract
Objectives: This study was conducted to assess the effect of microwave heating on the preparation of paracetamol cross-linked gelatin matrices by using the design of experiment (DoE) approach and explore the influence of the duration of microwave irradiation, the concentrations of crosslinker, and the amount of sodium bicarbonate (salt) on paracetamol release. These parameters were also compared with those of the matrices prepared via conventional heating. Materials and Methods: Twenty gel matrices were prepared with different durations of microwave irradiation, amounts of maize, and concentrations of sodium bicarbonate as suggested by Design Expert (DX®). The percentage drug release, the coefficient of variance (CV) in release, and the mean dissolution time (MDT) were the properties explored in the designed experimentation. Results: Target responses were dependent on microwave irradiation time, cross-linker amount, and salt concentration. Classical and microwave heating did not demonstrate statistically significant difference in modifying the percentage of drug released from the matrices. However, the CVs of microwave-assisted formulations were lower than those of the gel matrices prepared via classical heating. Thus, microwave heating produced lesser variations in drug release. The optimized gel matrices demonstrated that the observed percentage of drug release, CV, and MDT were within the prediction interval generated by DX®. The release mechanism of the matrix formulations followed the Peppas-Korsmeyer anomalous transport model. Conclusion: The DoE-supported microwave-assisted approach could be applied to optimize the critical factors of drug release with less variation.
Authors and Affiliations
Tan Kian KUANG, Yew-Beng KANG, Ignacio SEGARRA, Ummarah KANWAL, Muhammad AHSAN, Nadeem Irfan BUKHARI
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP694445
- DOI 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2020.48902
- Views 113
- Downloads 0
Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activity of Some Imines Containing 1H-Benzimidazoles
Objectives: The in vitro antioxidant properties of some 2-(2-phenyl)-1H-benzo(d)imidazol-1-yl)-N’-(arylmethylene) acetohydrazide derivatives (1-12) were investigated in this study. Materials and Methods: The in vitro an...
Green Synthesis and Characterization of Copper Nanoparticles and Their Effects on Liver Function and Hematological Parameters in Mice
Objectives: The present investigation is based on the green synthesis of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) from aqueous extract of Capparis spinosa L. fruit. Their effects on liver function and hematological parameters in mic...
Comparison of the Essential Oils of Ferula orientalis L., Ferulago sandrasica Peşmen and Quézel, and Hippomarathrum microcarpum Petrov and Their Antimicrobial Activity
Objectives: To determine the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of the aerial parts of Ferula orientalis L., roots of Ferulago sandrasica Peşmen and Quézel, and aerial parts of Hippomar...
The Contribution of Serotonergic Receptors and Nitric Oxide Systems in the Analgesic Effect of Acetaminophen: An Overview of the Last Decade
Acetaminophen is a widely used analgesic and antipyretic agent. It is also available in over the counter formulations, which has increased its wide use. There have been many studies to date that have aimed to evaluate th...
Masticatory Functional Load Increases the mRNA Expression Levels of ACTN2 and ACTN3 and the Protein Expression of α-Actinin-2 in Rat Masseter Muscle
Objectives: α-actinins play structural and regulatory roles in cytoskeletal organization. They form a lattice structure that secures actin in thin filaments, which generate and transmit muscle contractile forces. The mor...