Migracja ptaków wodno-błotnych na stawach rybnych w Dolinie Bzury
Journal Title: KULON - Year 2017, Vol 22, Issue
Abstract
The counts of wetland and water bird species on 5 complexes of fish ponds located in the Bzura River Valley in the central part of Poland (52O05'35.6'"N, 19O42'11.9"E) were carried out in 2015-2016. In that period, 67 wetland and water bird species of Non-Passeriformes were noted; in the autumn season it was 50 species, while in spring – 58. The maximum concentration of birds was recorded in the second half of October and in November. At peak season, i.e., in the middle of October 2015, almost 13 thousand of wetland and water birds stayed on the studied fish ponds. The highest number of species was observed in the middle of April. Despite the lower number of birds recorded in spring, there was no statistical difference in species diversity between the spring and autumn seasons. In spring, along with an increase in the number of birds, there was a concomitant decrease in the number of species. The results of the present study were compared with those collected during the bird counts in 1989 and 1990. In 1989 and 1990, 52 species were recorded, while in 2015 and 2016 – 61, moreover the changes in the dominance structure and bird densities were noted. During the spring seasons of 1989 and 1990, the studied bird community was mainly composed of three species of ducks – the Mallard Anas platyrhynchos, Common Pochard Aythya ferina, Tufted Duck Aythya fuligula (34.3-50.5%), and the Black-headed Gull Chroicocephalus ridibundus (20.7-21.7%); in 2016, these were predominantly two goose species Anser spp. (Greater White-fronted Goose A. albifrons and Bean Goose A. fabalis) – 47.3%. In the compared periods, i.e., 1989/1990 vs. 2015/2016, in four species there was a distinct increase in the number of individuals observed either in spring or autumn (Gadwall Mareca strepera, Greater White-fronted Goose, Great Egret Ardea alba, Tundra Swan Cygnus columbianus), in three other species (Pintail Anas acuta, Eurasian Wigeon Mareca penelope, Bean Goose) – there was a strong increase in spring and lower in autumn. Noticeable, although not so high increase in the number of birds in those two phenological periods was noted in the Grey Heron Ardea cinerea, while the decrease in the Eurasian Coot Fulica atra, Common Pochard and Black-headed Gull. Distinctly higher number of the Common Goldeneye Bucephala clangula and Goosander Mergus merganser, and lower number of the Tufted Duck was noted exclusively in spring. In autumn 1998 and 1990, two species were dominant, i.e., the Mallard (76.7-89.9%) and Eurasian Coot (6.8%-12.1%), while in 2015, these were three species: the Mallard (43.9%), Northern Lapwing Vanellus vanellus (23.9%) and Greylag Goose Anser anser (10.6%). In 2016, 220 individuals of the Tundra Swan were recorded on fish ponds in Psary. This is the third, according to the number of observed birds, area important for this species in Poland. The comparison of the results collected in 1989-1990 and 2015-2016 shows that repeated counts of birds carried out on large complexes of fish ponds at interval of several years may be used in the assessment of the long-term trends in the number of some wetland and water bird species.
Authors and Affiliations
Sławomir Chmielewski, Łukasz Matyjasiak
Keywords
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