Mitochondrial Dynamics And Morphology In CNS: An Overview
Journal Title: International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention - Year 2018, Vol 7, Issue 6
Abstract
Mitochondria are rod-shaped intracellular organelles that can be considered the power generators of the cell, converting oxygen and other compounds in adenosine triphosphate (ATP), that meet the cell’s metabolic activities and exchanges with adenosine diphosphate (ADP) in the cytosol. The main role of the mitochondria is the production of ATP, reduced nicotinamide adeninedinucleotide (NADH) and reduced flavin adenine dinucleotide (FADH). Mitochondria also control cell cycle, signalling, differentiation, growth, membrane potential, calcium (Ca2+) signalling, steroid synthesis and also cell death. Mitochondria, account for more than 90% of the cellular energetic production which assumes its crucial importance in the brain since neurons have a limited glycolytic capacity, have high energy demands which make them highly dependent on aerobic oxidative phosphorylation. Mitochondria continuously fragment and fuse in response to different physiological needs of the cell. Neurons are heavily dependent on mitochondria for neurotransmission and for regulation of sodium potassium ATPase pump, intracellular calcium concentration and exocytosis/recycling of synaptic vesicles. Thus mitochondrial dynamic processes like fusion, fission and their transport has decisive role in normal neuronal physiology and minor perturbations in these tightly regulated proceeses lead to disastrous consequences for neuronal functions.
Authors and Affiliations
Vivek Sharma, Harish Verma, Athar Javed
Keywords
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