MODEL OF ATHLETES’ POLITICAL COMMITMENT IN “PRZEGLĄD SPORTOWY” (1948-1956)
Journal Title: Studia Humanistyczno-Społeczne - Year 2015, Vol 10, Issue
Abstract
In Poland during Stalinism period physical culture was given political functions. The organization of sport in Poland has been changing by adapting Soviet model. Communists viewed physical culture as a form of activity that can help build a “social-ist personality”. For this reason, this form of social life became an ideological weapon in communistic propaganda. Such understanding of sport also affected the way of reporting about events by sportive newspapers, including “PS”. Information relating to the political commitment of athletes were formed by using the same schemes as for other professional groups. They were created according to the instructions of party-state propaganda. In Polish press system, centralized and controlled by the censorship, sports journalists had to fulfill these orders. Athletes were presented in press as recipients of system changes. Therefore, in the description of famous players profiles, “PS” highlighted their social origins. It was a kind of obligation for players to show their support to the political transformation. Athletes in press coverage regularly declared their loyalty for the state and Com-munist Party. Created image of “socialist sportsman” contained participation in prop-aganda campaigns related to domestic policy and foreign affairs. As a idols for large part of society athletes had to present a competent political beliefs, support govern-ment and their actions, perform in party structures or its subordinate organizations,persuaded to participate in elections, serve as example in professional work. They were also supposed to had “correct” perception of external world. “Socialistic athlete” should achieve the best sportive results but according to press coverage, first of all it should to fulfill the goals set by the communistic State. Durante il periodo di Stalinismo in Polonia la cultura fisica condusse la funzione politica. L’organizzazione dello sport in Polonia cambiava pian piano seguendo il modello sovietico. I comunisti percepivano la cultura fisica come una forma dell’attivita che era capace di aiutare a creare “il carattere socialistico”. Percio quella forma della vita sociale diventò un tipo d’arma ideologica nelle mani della propaganda comunistica. Quel percepire dello sport influì anche il modo di presentare gli eventi sportivi nelle riviste sportive, includendo “PS”. Le informazioni riguardanti le attività politiche degli alleati furono create con l’aiuto degli stessi schemi come nel caso del resto degli altri ambienti professionali. Furono create a seconda delle istruzioni della propaganda statale. Nel sistema della stampa in Polonia, centralizzato e controllato dalla censura, i giornalisti sportivi doverono eseguire gli ordini Gli alleati furono presentati nella stampa come i beneficenti dei cambiamenti del sistema. Così nelle descrizioni dei giocatori famosi, “PS” sottolineava le loro origini sociali e gli sportivi doverono mostrare il loro appoggio per la trasformazione politica. Per quello gli alleati parlarono molto spesso della loro fedeltà di fronte allo stato e al Partito Comunista. Quel creato immagine dello “sportivo socialistico” conteneva la partecipazione in varie campagne propagandistiche, collegate alla politica interna ed estera. Essendo idoli per la gran parte della società gli alleati doverono presentare forti opinioni politiche, sostenere il governo e le sue azioni, prendere parte nelle strutture del partito e delle strutture alleate, incoraggiare a votare nelle elezioni, essere modelli nel lavoro professionale. Si aspettava che avessero un punto di vista “corretto” sul mondo estero. Un atleta socialistico avrebbe dovuto raggiungere i risultati sportive milgliori ma, secondo la stampa, al primo posto avrebbe dovuto riempire gli scopi sottoposti dallo Stato comunistico.
Authors and Affiliations
Piotr Swacha
Keywords
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