Modern Tools and Techniques for Diagnosis and Prognosis of Salt Affected Soils and Poor- Quality Waters

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Modern Tools and Techniques for Diagnosis and Prognosis of Salt Affected Soils and Poor- Quality Waters

Journal Title: Current Investigations in Agriculture and Current Research - Year 2018, Vol 2, Issue 5

Abstract

Soil salinity and brackish ground water are primary concerns for reduced productivity in the arid and semiarid regions of the World covering 953 million ha of land [1]. In India, it occupied 2% of the TGA and is distributed in fifteen states that covered Genetic plain, central arid and semiarid regions, southern peninsular plain and coastal areas [2]. Transportation and deposition of salts at the lower topographic zones are primary processes controlling genesis and distribution of salty soils in the Genetic plain besides high evaporation in arid zone, salty parent materials and brackish ground use in peninsular plain and inundation of saline sea water in coastal areas are other soil salinization processes [3]. Factors of anthropogenic origin include the use of salty ground water and canal water for irrigation in poorly drained soils of arid and semiarid regions that caused the emergences of water logging, salinization and losses of soil/crop productivity [4,5]. Traditional methods of soil survey using aerial photographs and soil profile studies require enough time and manpower for soil characterization which is limited to small areas. Temporal dynamics of salts is also an important issue which is usually unaddressed in soil survey studies. Indian Remote Sensing Technology (Resources at I&II) with improved spatial and spectral resolutions have facilitated the diagnosis of salt affected soils in less time and cost effective manner with limited resources. For delineation and characterization of salt affected soils on a reconnaissance scale, a methodology was developed integrating remote sensing data with ground truth and soil studies [6]. Legends were developed to address nature, characteristics and extent of saline and sodic soils for land reclamation & management. Prognostic studies on soil salinity were also conducted using high resolution remote sensing data (SPOT, MODIS etc.) in Western Yamuna, Bhakra and Sir hind (Haryana and Punjab states); IGNP (Rajasthan state), Sharda Sahayak (Uttar Pradesh state), Ukiah Kakarpar (Gujarat state), Upper Krishna (Karnataka state) and Gandak (Bihar state) canal command areas of India to quantify soil salinization processes integrating topography, soil texture, hydrology and sub-surface soil and aquifer characteristics Spatial variability of salts was studied at farm scale in the Shivari (at Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh state) and Nain (at Panipat, Haryana state) experimental farms of ICAR-CSSRI, representing sodic soils of the Middle- and saline soil and salty groundwater in the Trans-Gang tic plains of India [7,8].

Authors and Affiliations

AK Mandal

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EP ID EP570436
DOI 10.32474/CIACR.2018.02.000149
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