MORALITY WITHOUT MORALIZING: FEATURES OF REVEALING MORAL AND ETHIC PROBLEMS IN ANATOLYI KOSTETSKYI’S VERSES FOR CHILDREN
Journal Title: Професіоналізм педагога: теоретичні й методичні аспекти - Year 2017, Vol 6, Issue 1
Abstract
The article is aimed at finding out how А. Kostetskyi succeeds to touch upon important ethic principles that turn a child into a personality who will be able to distinguish between good and evil and act accordingly. The definitions of morality/moralization are viewed in this context. The first one is comprehended as a necessary trait of an individual that can be formed in various ways, the other one is an artificial statement of something that does not find its artistic embodiment. In this connection rhymes by А. Kostetskyi can show us five thematic groups (at certain convention): 1 - verses saturated with optimistic attitude toward the life; 2 - poetry about collectivism and friendship; 3 - attitude toward studying; 4 – an image of the world of adults and children; 5 - verses depicting various moral and ethical situations in them. The message of verses of the first thematic group consists in the fact that А. Kostetskyi starts influencing his young readers already in their delicate age teaching them not to despair at any odds, always feel positive emotions and maintain mental equilibrium. One of the most representative verses in this case is “Why does a boy cry?” The expressive fabric of this work is based on two connected stylistic devices such as parallelism and rhetorical question. The first one helps us separate “natural” from “unnatural” in the child’s behaviour: an icicle sheds tears in spring, morning dew “cries”, rain drops tears down to water grass, that is why a child’s tears are perceived as something anomalous, and this estimation increases with the use of authorial rhetorical questions. Other feature of the verses of this thematic group is their vivid symbolism. Practically in each of them the sun is present. Probably we should not get fixed on solar character of А. Kostetskyi’s works, however, this trait should not be ignored either, because it has an immense evaluation role: cry-babies do not notice the sun; affection of a boy to a bumble-bee is stipulated by the fact that it “buzzes about the sun”, and “Begin your picture with the sun” is his advice given to young artists, any picture is bound to be fine if you start it with drawing the sun. The theme of collectivism and friendship also often opens up through the vivid system presented by the flora and animal world. When we read a poem “Secret of trees”, one can think we deal with such a device as personification, but probably it is not quite so. Readers find themselves not in a habitual world but in a fairy-tale forest created by the imagination of the author, however it is exactly the fairy-tale world where a young reader lives for a while, that is why we are overwhelmed by feeling and adventures of the verse characters. To stimulate a child’s wish to study А. Kostetskyi versus, А. Kostetskyi chooses not propagating, but leading by concrete example. The main character of his verse “Newcomer” independently comes to the conclusion that the new girl in class gets favours not by whims or tricks, she is a hard worker in class, that is why the boy’s conclusion sounds natural – he should also strive to become a top student in his class. The authorial conception of understanding of good/evil, decency/dishonour certainly includes his comprehension of mutual relations between a child and adults (parents). А. Kostetskyi always has his favour on a child’s side, he defends child’s interests (“About adults”); however, the character of relations between a child and adults is perceived by the author in a more dialectical, unstencilled way. The best proof of it is his verse “Who dreams of what”. In their dreams parents see themselves as kids, and this outcome annihilates the traditional contrast “parents vs children”, compelling any child to think, what I know about my parents, if I can understand their aspirations, desires, or if I am able to estimate what place in their life is occupied by me; and this is how partner relations of different generations are established between related people of different ages. The verses of moral and ethical nature should be viewed through a genre prism, as a genre being both artistic and aesthetic form that serves the most adequate realization of the main message of a work. In this regard the poetries “Lazy Pylyp”, “Restless Vasyl”, “Talkative Mykhailo” are peculiar satiric derision of negative features in behaviour of children, ludicrous image of personages, grotesque situations and unexpected, extremely witty conclusion make them the best candidates for the epigram genre. And the verse “Kind advice”, where certain types of human characters open up through the characters of a pig and a donkey, is classified as a fable. Thus, skilfully and appropriately using different genres, А. Kostetskyi achieves a necessary depicting and expressive effect speaking with children about things that are important for them in terms of morality and ethics.
Authors and Affiliations
Valeriy Syrotenko
Keywords
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