Characterization of antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella enterica Serovars Typhi and paratyphi B in Zambia.
Journal Title: Journal of Medical Science and Technology - Year 2015, Vol 4, Issue 1
Abstract
Typhoidal Salmonellae are invasive and life-threatening human pathogens that cause typhoid and paratyphoid fever in many low income countries globally. People consuming contaminated food, water or working with infected livestock have the potential to become infected with Salmonella and may require antimicrobial therapy. Antimicrobial therapy in salmonellosis has become a global public health problem due in part to the inappropriate use of antimicrobial agents. The objective of this study was to characterize antimicrobial drug resistance in Salmonella serovar Typhi and Salmonella serovar Paratyphi isolates obtained from January 2010 to December 2012 during routine patient care at the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia. Seventy-seven Salmonellae from diagnostic faecal and blood samples of patients were identified by biochemical, serological and PCR testing. The isolates were analysed for drug susceptibility by the minimum inhibition concentration method, PCR drug resistance gene detection and DNA sequencing of integron class I. All the fifty Salmonella Typhi were resistant to sulphamethoxazole, ampicillin, trimethoprim and, cotrimoxazole, while 84% were resistant to chloramphenicol, and 4% to both ciprofloxacin and amoxicillin + clavulanic acid. Similarly, all the 27 Salmonella Paratyphi B isolates were resistant to ampicillin, cotrimoxazole, chloramphenicol, sulfamethoxazole trimethoprim and streptomycin, while 11.1% were resistant to amoxicillin + clavulanic acid and 7.4% to both ciprofloxacin and tetracycline. Multidrug resistance was observed in 84 % of Salmonella Typhi and 100% of Salmonella Paratyphi B isolates. Class 1 integron containing the dfrA7 gene was detected in 66% of Salmonella Typhi (66%) and 81.5 of Salmonella Paratyphi B. In summary, multidrug resistant Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi, harbouring class I integron cassettes, are emerging in Lusaka, leaving little treatment options. Therefore, regular monitoring of antibiotic susceptibility patterns is vital in guiding appropriate therapy and prevention of further emergence of drug resistance strains.
Authors and Affiliations
Annie Kalonda, Geoffrey Kwenda, Chileshe Musyani, Mulemba Samutela, Mulowa Mumbula, Trevor Kaile, Clemence Marimo, Lydia Koloryova, Rene Hendriksen, James Mwansa
Keywords
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