Rheumatoid arthritis: What have we learned about the causing factors?
Journal Title: Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences - Year 2016, Vol 29, Issue 2
Abstract
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a common inflammatory autoimmune disease characterized by the synovitis of both small and large joints, which may lead to the destruction of cartilage and bones causing significant disabilities due to erosion of bones surfaces, if left untreated. It is a multifactorial and heterogeneous disease having contribution of both genetic (50-60%) and environmental factors. The unawareness of general public might be a contributing factor in the high prevalence rate of RA world-wide. This review article focuses on the causing factors (genetics and environmental) involved in this devastating disease. We also gave brief overview of the treatment options and animal models of RA. The literature was reviewed using mesh terms in PubMed search ''etiology of RA, genetics of RA, environmental factors in RA, Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS) in RA''. The data was thoroughly reviewed and comprehensive information was extracted to help the readers in improving understanding towards the mechanisms, which trigger the outcomes of RA. The more we increase awareness about RA, the better we manage this disease and hence can improve life style and socio-economic status.
Authors and Affiliations
Syed Fazal Jalil , Maria Arshad , Attya Bhatti , Jamil Ahmad , Fazal Akbar , Peter John
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP117917
- DOI -
- Views 97
- Downloads 0
Antimicrobial activity of different solvent extracted samples from the flowers of medicinally important Plumeria obstusa
The present research work was carried out to investigate the antimicrobial (eight bacteria and one fungus) activities of different solvent (ethanol, petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and isobutanol) extrac...
In vitro dissolution and physicochemical characterizations of novel PVP-based solid dispersions containing valsartan prepared by a freeze-drying method
Valsartan (VAL) shows poor oral bioavailability mainly as a result of its low water solubility at low pH. This study is designed to investigate the dissolution properties and physicochemical characteristics of nove...
Effect of lipid extracts of Nigella sativa L. seeds on the liver ATP reduction and alpha-glucosidase inhibition
Various extracts from the seeds of Nigella sativa have been used in traditional folk medicine to treat inflammation, liver disorders and arthritis. These seeds have been experimentally shown to possess antioxidant...
Preparation and characterization of two new forced degradation products of letrozole and development of a stability-indicating RP-LC method for its determination
Two new hydrolytic products of letrozole were identified and proved to be true degradation products obtained by alkaline and acidic degradation of the drug. The acid and amide forms of the nitrile groups of letrozo...
Assessment of total phenolic content and antioxidant potential of methanol extract of Peltophorum pterocarpum (DC.) Backer ex K. Heyne.
Plants are rich in a variety of chemical compounds. Many are secondary metabolites including aromatic substances most of them are phenols or their oxygen substituted derivatives. Medicinal plants are rich in antio...