Use of Bovine Whey in the Manufacture of Handmade Paintings, Creating Added Value for the Benefit of the Agrarianfood Chain
Journal Title: International Journal of Engineering Sciences & Research Technology - Year 2014, Vol 3, Issue 12
Abstract
Whey is the liquid from the coagulation of milk for cheese making. It is obtained after separation of casein and fat (Caballero and Acosta, 2008). There are two types of whey, the first process is called acid fermentation (microbial coagulation) or addition of organic acids, the second called sweet obtained by enzymatic coagulation mediated by renin, an enzyme obtained from sheep and goat rennet infants (Jelen 2003; Bracho, 2013). Approximately 90% of the milk used in the cheese industry is eliminated as whey (Padin and Diaz, 2009), which is discarded in soil and natural water courses (Hernandez, 2005), constituting an environmental pollution. The overall objective was to propose the use of whey in the manufacture of handmade paintings and to contribute to economic and social development of the circuit or food chain, for the collective benefit in rural areas. Physicochemical and microbiological properties of whey acid (LA) and sweet (LS) were determined following the Norma venezolana COVENIN. Clay, calcium carbonate, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), pigment iron oxides and hydrogen peroxide: paintings using acid whey protein obtained from (A) and sweet (S) in different proportions, were formulated by adding. Physicochemical and functional properties were determined using the ASTM standards COVENIN and commercial paints. The characteristics of whey were: pH (LA: 5.9; LS: 6.5), chlorides (LA: 0.145%; LS: 0.1436%), titratable acidity (LA: 19, LS 11 mL NaOH 0,1N / 100 mL sample), total solids (LA: 6.435%; LS: 7,153%), fat (LA: 2.1%; LS: 4.2%), non-fat solids (LA: 4,325%; LS: 2.953% ), mesophilic aerobic bacteria (LA and LS:> 300UFC / 100ml), molds (LA: 2.8 × 101; LS: 2.5 × 101UFC / 100ml), and yeast (LA: 9.4 × 102; LS: 9 2 × 102UFC / 100ml). Paints formulated presented drying time (A-1: 20, A-2: 17, A-3: 16 min and S-1: 21, S-2: 17, S-3: 15 min). Due to its functional properties, painting meets national and international standards: ASTM and COVENIN. It is easy to prepare and is a viable alternative to the use of whey from the dairy industry in creating paintings at low cost.
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