Neurofibromatosis typ 1 (NF1, von Recklinghausen disease)
Journal Title: Postępy Nauk Medycznych - Year 2010, Vol 23, Issue 11
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis 1 is a relatively frequent autosomal dominant disease (1:3500 live births), its expression depends on the and on an individual. 50% of the cases results from de novo mutations and are non-familial, but NF1 manifests in following generations with a 50% risk. Due to the great size of the neurofibromin gene, molecular analysis is not routinely employed and is reserved primarily for cases difficult to diagnose (e.g. segmental form, mosaics, not fully penetrating and expressing phenotypes). The disease is diagnosed based on the analysis of defining clinical features, summarized in 1997 in NF1 NIH Consensus Conference Criteria. expression of the symptoms individually and familial varies. The following section presents the principles of diagnosis, familial care and neoplasia risk determination. In addition to distinguishable skin lesions, patients develop gliomas near the optic pathways, and diffuse hyperintensive foci of the MRI T2 signal in CNS. Gliomas are morphologically presented as astrocytoma pilocyticum. NF1 may be associated with epilepsy, visual and hormonal disorders and psychosocial deficits. Skeletal dysplasias and deformations occur frequently. NF1 mutations increase the risk of neoplasia however, risk profiles remain unknown. High risk is linked with MPNST – Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors and leukemia, described as Juvenile Onset Non-Lymphocytic Leukemia (refractory and with a poor prognosis). Additionally presented are rare similar syndromes difficult to diagnose. Mutations of the newly discovered gene SPRED are responsible for a different syndrome, combining signs of Noonan Syndrome and NF1, previously classified as the clinical form of NF1.
Authors and Affiliations
Stanisław Zajączek
Keywords
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