Neuronal Remodeling and Dendritic Spines: A Review
Journal Title: JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH AND REVIEW - Year 2019, Vol 6, Issue 1
Abstract
The neurons show remodeling in their dendritic arbor and spine/synapse number in many brain regions including the hippocampus, amygdala and the prefrontal cortex. The dendritic spine density is reported to be changed due to experiences and stressful conditions. The dendritic spines are the small protrusions arising from the dendritic shaft of the neurons. They have basic shapes as large mushroom spines, short stubby spines and thin spines. The morphology of spines changes rapidly in response to various stimuli that may be internal such as hormones and external such as environmental changes. Dendritic spine density plays a major role in classification of principal neurons i.e. multipolar and pyramidal neurons. The principal neurons may be classified as sparsely spinous, moderately spinous and heavily spinous on the basis of density of spine over the dendritic branches. In response to environment dendritic remodeling takes place in the form of spine shapes, spine turnover and spine density etc. Synaptic plasticity primarily takes place in dendritic spines and enriched environment have positive effect while social isolation have negative effect on synapse formation. Exposure of animals to environmental complexity may improve the learning and memory by providing adaptive changes in the dendritic spine density.
Authors and Affiliations
Adarsh Kumar, Mamta Tamta, Hemlata Hemlata, Ram C. Maurya
Keywords
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