НИГИЛИЗМ КАК СОЦИОКУЛЬТУРНОЕ ЯВЛЕНИЕ И ЕГО ФОРМЫ
Journal Title: Гуманітарний часопис - Year 2015, Vol 1, Issue 2
Abstract
Jadan V.В. NIHILISM AS A SOCIOCULTURAL PHENOMENON AND ITS FORMS. In the modern philosophical and cultural discourse of contemporary cultural situation is called of crisis. The phenomenon of nihilism is an important factor in changes in the cultural, social, historical and political spheres of our society. The concept of nihilism has a long history. In the twentieth century nihilism has penetrated into all spheres of culture and of social life. As a result, were formed various forms of nihilism. Currently the concept of nihilism associated with wide range of problems in philosophy, morality, law, social and political life, the ordinary consciousness and the artistic consciousness. Many sciences study the phenomenon of nihilism. The purpose of the article has to consider the forms of the phenomenon of nihilism in modern culture. In the Middle Ages nihilists called heretics and unbelievers. The concept of nihilism is a conflict of individual and collective consciousness. In the nineteenth century the word was synonymous with nihilism "nonsense." Gradually, in discussions of German philosophers had the understanding of nihilism as a denial of the meaning of human existence, the highest values and social norms. Becoming nihilism associated with the development of individualism in European culture. European philosophical nihilism begins Friedrich Nietzsche. He wrote that nihilism is a natural component of the European historical process. Meaning of nihilism is to replace the old values to new and denial of supersensible. In modern philosophy developed nihilistic directions, which are built on the rejection of tradition, system and methodology. Religious nihilism is the lack of religious belief, atheism and materialism. Many philosophers have criticized the religious nihilism. Because he destroying traditional system of values. He denied not only the idea of God, but also the ideas of Blessing and of Truth and of Beauty. This is the basis of moral subjectivism and egoism. Moral nihilism is expressed in the formula: "If there is no God, then everything is permitted." Moral nihilism is a denial of authority and guidelines for conduct. Moral nihilism is shocking and provocative behavior. Nihilist begins with an external demonstration of its exclusivity, and then inevitably comes to crime. Moral nihilism generates legal nihilism. Legal nihilism is the negation of the meaning of the law and contempt rules of law. Legal nihilism manifests itself in various forms of anarchist theories to extremism in practice. A variation of legal nihilism is a political nihilism. Epistemological nihilism is a new form of nihilism. This is a denial of the meaning of science and education. The modern person strives to achieve quick success and sees basic science as something that has a useless and unnecessary. Scientific nihilism focused on sensation and utilitarianism. It does not create new knowledge, and denies the value of traditional knowledge. So, the beginning of nihilism is a form of conflict of individual and collective consciousness. Then he became a form of criticism of social problems. Nihilism in the first place puts the mind, which is aimed at a quick profit. Nihilistic consciousness is freed from spirituality. Nowadays nihilism takes many forms: moral nihilism, legal nihilism, epistemological nihilism. Nihilism creates the illusion of freedom. Nihilistic installations in human consciousness have resulted in a denial of the values of the individual. The study of nihilism in modern philosophy and culture will continue.
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Вікторія Жадан
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