NLRP3 Inflammasome Signaling Platform as New Pharmacological Target for Metaflammation
Journal Title: Diabetes Research – Open Journal - Year 2017, Vol 3, Issue 1
Abstract
Metaflammation is a metabolic inflammatory state characterized by chronic, lowgrade inflammatory response initiated by excess nutrients in metabolic cells.1 The inflammatory signaling conducted by the metabolic cell eventually causes activation of specialized immune cells and leads to an unresolved inflammatory response within the tissue.2 The high level of coordination of inflammatory and metabolic pathways is highlighted by the overlapping biology and function of macrophages and adipocytes in obesity. Preadipocytes under some conditions can exhibit phagocytic and antimicrobial properties and appear to even be able to differentiate into macrophages in the right environment, which suggests a potential immune role for preadipocytes. Furthermore, macrophages and adipocytes co-localize in white adipose tissue in obesity. Macrophages in adipose tissue are likely to contribute to the production of inflammatory mediators either alone or in concert with adipocytes, which suggests a potentially important influence of macrophages in promoting insulin resistance. Besides macrophages, obesity is associated with aberrant expansion of other leukocytes (T-cells, B-cells, eosinophils, neutrophils and mast cells) in adipose tissue that contribute to chronic inflammation. In particular, the increased neutrophils lead to a rise of myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, a marker of neutrophil infiltration, in the damaged tissue during inflammation.3Despite the role of meta-inflammation, in promoting metabolic diseases, including obesity and insulin resistance, is well known,4 from a therapeutic perspective, only limited experience is available regarding the inhibition of specific inflammatory pathways activated by the metabolic, biochemical and haemodynamic derangements known to exist in CMD.
Authors and Affiliations
Massimo Collino
Keywords
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- EP ID EP550202
- DOI 10.17140/DROJ-3-e008
- Views 117
- Downloads 0
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