Non functioning Extra Adrenal Pheochromocytoma is an abdominal Incidentaloma- a review.
Journal Title: Stanley Medical Journal - Year 2016, Vol 3, Issue 3
Abstract
Incidentaloma is a lesion identified by imaging unexpectedly while evaluating for other diseases. The incidence of Incidentaloma is increasing with advent of multidetector CT scans. The common Incidentalomas are from Adrenal, Thyroid, Pituitary, Renal, Lung and Lumbosacral. Extra Adrenal Pheochromocytoma (EAP) is not always diagnosed by imaging. It is a diagnosis of suspicion by imaging. Adrenal Incidentaloma (AI) is a mass lesion of >1cm which are serendipitously found by imaging in the adrenal glands. But sometimes a huge Incidentaloma is missed as pheochromocytoma has varied imaging characteristics like a chameleon. Careful history, vital signs and Metastatic spread are some features which can give clue to the radiologist about the malignant adrenal pheochromocytoma. About 10% to 30% of the Pheochromocytoma is extra adrenal of which 40% of the Extra Adrenal Pheochromocytoma is malignant. The standard of care for treating EAP is difficult to formulate as there is lack of evidences. This review explores the diagnostic dilemma of EAP and reviews the literature for a better standard of care. Definition of non functioning EAP must include anatomical and pathological aspects in this era where interventional radiologist have imperative role in accurate pre operative diagnosis.
Authors and Affiliations
Varun Arunagiri, Parimala M, Ragumani P, Kothai A
Keywords
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