Oil, State and Minority Rights in the Oil Producing Communities of Delta State, Nigeria
Journal Title: IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science - Year 2018, Vol 23, Issue 5
Abstract
There is widespread agreement in both qualitative and quantitative social science researches that oil and wars are linked. Owing to the fact that Oil resource has become a critical element in the power capabilities of nations within the matrix of global political economy. This is evident in the perpetual contradiction of both exogenous and indigenous dimensions with which National oil have been surrounded. From the international point of view, it has become the major source of instability among nations; bearing in mind the popular Gulf War of 1996 and the 1st September, 2009. In addition there are series of domestic violence between the various internal interest groupings within the oil producing states especially between the central authorities on one hand and oil producing communities on the other. The main sources of these frictions more especially among those countries practicing federalism has been the question of revenue sharing formula especially the struggle over the control of the lion‟s share of the oil cake. The common trend among primary resource based nations especially oil including Nigeria is the continuous outcry for marginalization by the oil producing communities especially in the area of provision essential services and other basic needs. The attendant consequence of this is the agitation for Minority rightsl. This paper therefore examines how the Nigerian state responded to the agitation by the oil bearing communities in the Delta state Nigeria. The study combines both survey method and the use of available. Multiple approaches sufficient for both qualitative and quantitative data were adopted. For the data generated through survey method both descriptive and correlational statistical tools were used this include simple percentage for the secondary data, simple descriptive technique otherwise known as document analysis were used. The study reveals that oil has become central and sources of conflict in global political economy i.e. wars among countries and with oil producing communities. That the mismanagement of oil resources in Nigeria has resulted in poor state of development and increase in the propensity of poverty among Nigerians especially among oil producing communities in the Niger delta which resulted in agitation both convulsive and violent. This compelled the Nigeria state to respond through different measures including; Use of violence/threats of violence, legalistic approach, Institutional response and above all dived and rule. That the strategies adopted by the Nigerian state have yielded mixed effects both positive and negative across different communities. However of all these strategies the most outstanding is the institutional responses such as the establishment of Oil Minerals producing Area Development Commission ( OMPADEC), the Niger delta Development commission(NDDC), the creation of ministry of Niger delta and the introduction of Amnesty programme for the repentant militants including vocational training and payment of stipends, the paper recommends among other things: That the federal government through the Niger delta Development commission (NDDC) and the ministry of Niger delta should sustain the amnesty programme especially the vocational training aspect of it.
Authors and Affiliations
Manpaaaliyumusa (Phd), Shehu Mustapha Liberty (Phd), Hassanai. Waziri (Mrs)
Keywords
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