One More Step to Bid Good Bye to Polio – Switch from t-OPV(trivalent- Oral Polio Vaccine) to b-OPV (bivalent – Oral Polio Vaccine)
Journal Title: Healthline - Year 2016, Vol 7, Issue 2
Abstract
Poliomyelitis, a crippling infectious disease caused by any one of the three polioviruses – poliovirus type 1, type 2 or type 3. Vaccination of child against polio is the most effective and important preventive measure to fight against the occurrence of this disease. The battle against this disease is on and we are almost on the verge of eradication of this disease globally. So, meticulous and detailed planning is required at this juncture. Hence, Polio Eradication and Endgame Strategic Plan 2013-2018 has begun globally to break the chain of all poliovirus transmission and robust system for the lifesaving polio vaccine.The vaccine t-OPV contains three poliovirus serotypes (type 1, 2 and 3) and this vaccine was used in almost 145 countries in routine immunization programs. It has helped in the eradication of wild poliovirus type 2 and the last case was seen in 1999. But, the type 2 component of t-OPV has not only lead to a rise in 90% of cVDPV(circulating Vaccine Derived Polio Virus) cases and nearly 40% of VAPP (Vaccine Associated Paralytic Poliomyelitis) cases globally but also interferes with the immune response to poliovirus types 1 and 3. Due to the risk of VDPV and VAPP, the goal is to stop the use of oral polio vaccines by 2020.[2] However, the herd immunity is one of the important factors favoring OPV so the immediate shifting from OPV to IPV (Inactivated/Injectable Polio Vaccine) is not a safe strategy from the viewpoint of epidemiologists. Hence, the shift from OPV to IPV is to be done in phased manner.
Authors and Affiliations
Kedar Mehta, Paragkumar Chavda
Keywords
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