Oral Signs of Helicobacter Pylori- Review of Clinical Outcomes
Journal Title: Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research (BJSTR) - Year 2018, Vol 8, Issue 2
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is the most common chronic bacterial infection worldwide and it plays a very important role in the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer, gastric carcinoma, and lymphoid tissue lymphoma. High reinfection rates after successful eradication treatments make the oral cavity a possible reservoir area for the survival of the bacterium. Therefore, the relationship between H. pylori and oral/gastric diseases is being investigated and has become a remarkable issue in recent years. In the oral cavity, H. pylori was first isolated from a dental plaque sample of a patient with gastric H. pylori in 1989. Investigation into the relationship of H. pylori with oral diseases has shown that oral H. pylori may cause halitosis, glossitis, recurrent aphthous stomatitis and dental caries. Hence, the aim of this review is to demonstrate the relationship between H pylori and oral diseases in the context of the previous/latest research.Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a spiral-shaped, gram-negative, urease-producing and highly pathogenic microaerophilic bacteria which causes development of highly serious gastrointestinal disorders and is mainly acquired in childhood [1-4]. Almost 50% of the global population is affected by the gastric H. pylori infection. The infection is more prevalent in developing countries in comparison to developed nations [5]. The prevalence of H. pylori infection mainly depends on age, geographic area and ethnicity [6]. Low levels of education and low socioeconomic status lead to an increase in the prevalence of H. pylori [7]. Although the pathway of transmission of H. pylori is not completely known, it is thought that the transmission could occur by faecal-oral, oral-oral or iatrogenic routes. Diarrhea is often seen in childhood and the transmission of H. pylori from the feces to the mouth can be accomplished by sharing infected toys or foods. Additionally, the detection of H. pylori in the breast milk suggests that the organism can move through the fingers or nipples to the breast and contaminate the milk. The fecal- oral route of transmission seems to be possible only when there is close contact with infected individuals.Gastro-oral transmission can occur through vomiting and gastro- oesophageal reflux. Infection can occur through ingestion of food or exposure to vomit-infected objects colonized by H. Pylori. Oral-oral transmission can occur either permanently or temporarily through the dental plaque and saliva. The findings on identical strains of H. Pylori in the mouth and stomach strengthen the hypothesis that the oral cavity may be a reservoir for the bacteria. Close person-to- person contact between members of the same family can promote oral-oral transmission. Another mechanism for the oral-oral mode of transmission is through kissing. However, this appears to be an unlikely route of transmission. The increased prevalence of H. pylori in the presence of crowded living conditions and poor self-care has also been reported. The higher prevalence of the infection among children whose mothers chew or taste their food before feeding them demonstrates that saliva could be a transmitter medium of the infection [8]. Also, H. pylori-like organisms can be seen in other animals, where infections with Helicobacter species have been reported in dogs and cats [9].
Authors and Affiliations
Damla Aksit Bicak, Serap Akyuz
Keywords
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- EP ID EP592879
- DOI 10.26717/BJSTR.2018.08.001635
- Views 155
- Downloads 0
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