Pap Smear Evaluation through Opportunistic Screening Programme in Tertiary Care Hospitals and Rural Mangalore
Journal Title: National Journal of Laboratory Medicine - Year 2017, Vol 6, Issue 3
Abstract
Introduction: Pap smear cytology enables the cytopathologist to detect and evaluate the degree of cellular alterations present in uterine cervical lesions. Cytopathological analysis of these smears has stood out amongst other tests because of its simplicity and low cost, which are essential characteristics of methods applicable to mass screening programmes. Aim: Opportunistic screening by using Pap smear examination from the uterine cervix of women attending out reach camps and outpatient department employing the Bethesda System 2014. To detect genital infections and epithelial cell abnormalities in symptomatic and asymptomatic women. Also to correlate the cytology of the lesions with histopathology, wherever available. Materials and Methods: Opportunistic screening programme has the advantage to screen women who attend outpatient department and outreach camps. The study included 3255 Pap smears of women received from the outpatient departments of AJ Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Mangalore, KMC Hospital, Mangalore and various outreach camps and private consultants of rural Mangalore, Karnataka over a period of three years. The smears were stained by Modified Papanicolaou stain and analyzed using the Bethesda system criteria (2014). Histopathological correlation was done wherever available. Results: Out of a total of 3255 pap smears, 626 (19.23%) were unsatisfactory, 2532 (77.78%) were Negative for Intraepithelial Lesion or Malignancy (NILM) and 97 (2.98%) showed epithelial cell abnormalities of which 23 (23.7%) showed malignancy. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of Pap smear cytology in the study were 80.49%, 92.23% , 67.35%, 95.96% and 90.28% respectively. Conclusion: Cervical smear cytology assists in the early detection of precancerous lesions of the cervix thereby down staging cervical neoplasias and also helps in the diagnosis of specific infections of the female genital tract.
Authors and Affiliations
Dr. Sushma Hosamane, Dr. Mili Agarwal, Dr. Sakshi Malhotra, Dr. Muktha Pai
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP377193
- DOI 10.7860/NJLM/2017/27631:2230
- Views 111
- Downloads 0
Xanthomatosis: An Insight to Familial Hypercholesterolemia
Familial hypercholesterolemia is a “RECEPTOR DISEASE” that is the consequence of a mutation in the gene encoding the receptor for low-density lipoprotein, which is involved in the transport and metabolism of cholesterol....
Screening of Prostate Cancer by Prostate Specific Antigen and its Prevalence in Jammu Region
Introduction: Prostate cancer is most commonly diagnosed non-cutaneous cancer in men. Prostate specific antigen is the biomarker used for screening of prostate cancer and prostate related problems. Not only the genetic f...
Compound Heterozygous Sickle Cell-β-Thalassemia: A Case Report from Upper Assam, India
Sickle cell-β-thalassemia [Hb S/β- thalassemia] is a rare type of hemoglobinopathy. The clinical characteristics of Hb S/β- thalassemia are highly variable from a completely asymptomatic state to a severe disorder like h...
Average Values of Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio among a Representative Sample of Adult Population in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital
Introduction: Several studies have been conducted over the years for a simple, reliable, cost effective investigation to know the intensity of systemic inflammation in patients suffering from shock, major surgery, sepsis...
Clinico-mycological and Antifungal Susceptibility Profiles of Candiduria in A Tertiary Care Hospital From South India
Introduction: Candida is one of the common causative agent of Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) worldwide. The most common reported species causing UTI is Candida albicans. Incidence of UTI due to non-albicans Candida speci...