Pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy
Journal Title: RATS - Year 2023, Vol 1, Issue 2
Abstract
Glomerular basement membrane thickening is common in patients with long-standing diabetes, with or without neph-ropathy. In the following period, there is a correlation between glomerular basement membrane thickness and fractio-nal mesangial volumes and albuminuria. The mechanisms underlying the formation of albuminuria begin with expansion of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) with deposition of type IV collagen and reduction of negatively charged heparin sulfate proteoglycan. One of the earliest cellular changes in diabetes is mesangial and tubular cell hypertrophy. Hyperglycemia causes hypertrophy in the kidney by stimulating growth factors such as insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), epidermal growth factor (EGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), VEGF, TGF-β and Ang II. However, antagonizing TGF-β in diabetic patients did not provide beneficial effects on renal function or proteinuria. Pathological features of dia-betic nephropathy (DN) are mesangial expansion, nodular diabetic glomerulosclerosis (acellular Kimmelstiel-Wilson lesi-on), and diffuse glomerulosclerosis. Kidney structure is heterogeneous in diabetic patients; Only a subset of patients have typical diabetic glomerulopathy, whereas others have tubulointerstitial and vascular lesions that are much more advan-ced than glomerular lesions. There are features suggestive of normal or near-normal kidney structure and even glome-rular ischemia. Treatment of diabetic animals with an ACE inhibitor attenuates p27 Kip1 and reduces renal hypertrophy
Authors and Affiliations
Gülden YILDIZ, Kübra KAYA
Keywords
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- EP ID EP726894
- DOI 10.5281/zenodo.10444772
- Views 72
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