Pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy

Journal Title: RATS - Year 2023, Vol 1, Issue 2

Abstract

Glomerular basement membrane thickening is common in patients with long-standing diabetes, with or without neph-ropathy. In the following period, there is a correlation between glomerular basement membrane thickness and fractio-nal mesangial volumes and albuminuria. The mechanisms underlying the formation of albuminuria begin with expansion of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) with deposition of type IV collagen and reduction of negatively charged heparin sulfate proteoglycan. One of the earliest cellular changes in diabetes is mesangial and tubular cell hypertrophy. Hyperglycemia causes hypertrophy in the kidney by stimulating growth factors such as insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), epidermal growth factor (EGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), VEGF, TGF-β and Ang II. However, antagonizing TGF-β in diabetic patients did not provide beneficial effects on renal function or proteinuria. Pathological features of dia-betic nephropathy (DN) are mesangial expansion, nodular diabetic glomerulosclerosis (acellular Kimmelstiel-Wilson lesi-on), and diffuse glomerulosclerosis. Kidney structure is heterogeneous in diabetic patients; Only a subset of patients have typical diabetic glomerulopathy, whereas others have tubulointerstitial and vascular lesions that are much more advan-ced than glomerular lesions. There are features suggestive of normal or near-normal kidney structure and even glome-rular ischemia. Treatment of diabetic animals with an ACE inhibitor attenuates p27 Kip1 and reduces renal hypertrophy

Authors and Affiliations

Gülden YILDIZ, Kübra KAYA

Keywords

Related Articles

Recent knowledge of hydrogen therapy: Cases of rat

Hydrogen therapy, which originated in Japan, is gaining popularity and expanding its reach to other Asian countries as well as the USA. The rise in the number of centenarians in Japan has been linked to the elevated leve...

Reproductive behavior in female rats

Reproductive physiology and sexual behavior in rats play crucial roles in understanding their reproductive capabilities and mating dynamics. Female rats exhibit mating behavior during estrus, involving mounting, intromis...

Paraneoplastic syndrome in veterinary medicine

The aim of this review is to give general information about the paraneoplastic syndrome. Paraneoplastic syndrome has become widespread in veterinary medicine today. Paraneoplastic syndromes occur after many cancer diseas...

Effects of hydrogen-enriched water on lipid profile and some biochemical markers

Molecular hydrogen (H2) is a non-toxic, tasteless, colorless, and odorless gas with high diffusion properties in living tissues and cells . By scavenging dangerous free radicals like the hydroxyl radical (•OH) and peroxy...

Pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy

Glomerular basement membrane thickening is common in patients with long-standing diabetes, with or without neph-ropathy. In the following period, there is a correlation between glomerular basement membrane thickness and...

Download PDF file
  • EP ID EP726894
  • DOI 10.5281/zenodo.10444772
  • Views 75
  • Downloads 0

How To Cite

Gülden YILDIZ, Kübra KAYA (2023). Pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy. RATS, 1(2), -. https://europub.co.uk/articles/-A-726894