Phase and Micro-Structural Characterization of Sanitary-Ware Fired at Different Temperature
Journal Title: Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology - Year 2017, Vol 36, Issue 3
Abstract
The three main ingredients of sanitary-ware are clay, feldspar and quartz. This ware is being widely used and has therefore, attracted the attention of researchers from time to time. Consequently, it has been extensively investigated. The present study describes the phase and micro-structural analysis of sanitary-ware samples collected from local (Durr Ceramics Peshawar) industry. XRD (X-Ray Diffraction) of samples fired at 1100oC reveals the presence of ? ? ? ? ?-quartz and primary mullite only. In addition to a-quartz and primary mullite, elongated needles of secondary mullite were also present in samples fired at 1200 and 1300oC. Unlike typical vitreous ceramics bodies, regions containing elongated secondary mullite originating from the clay relict and growing into the feldspar relict were few in number which is consistent with the high clay content in the starting body ingredients of the investigated samples. Another sample investigated for comparison purposes, contained all the phases mentioned above along with some corundum grains which indicated that the composition of sanitary ware varied from manufacturer to manufacturer. EDS (Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy) detected high concentration of Fe in some regions in the bulk but the glaze did not contain any Fe.
Authors and Affiliations
Ather Hassan, Yaseen Iqbal, Zafar Ilyas Syed
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP205139
- DOI 10.22581/muet1982.1703.09
- Views 101
- Downloads 0
Effect of Steel Fibers on Heat of Hydration and Mechanical Properties of Concrete Containing Fly Ash
This study investigated the effects of steel fibers on the fresh and hardened properties, and heat of hydration of concrete containing FA (Fly Ash). A total of 192 samples were cast comprising cubes, cylinders, and prism...
Assessment of Air Pollution and its Effects on Health of Workers of Steel Re-Rolling Mills in Hyderabad
The SRRMs (Steel Re-Rolling Mills) are being releasing air pollutants in the environment. In order to evaluate their effect on the health of the workers, health and safety issues were analyzed by first measuring the conc...
Factors Affecting Characteristic Length of the Combustion Chamber of Liquid Propellant Rocket Engines
Optimum characteristic length of the combustion chamber of liquid rocket engine is very important to get higher energy from the liquid propellants. Characteristic length is defined by the time required for complete burni...
Characterization of Solid Concrete Block Masonry
Masonry walls constituted of solid concrete blocks are used very commonly in the framed structures as well as in the load bearing structures in various parts of Pakistan. However, very limited understanding on the charac...
A Robust Color Image Watermarking Scheme using Chaos for Copyright Protection
An exponential growth in multimedia applications has led to fast adoption of digital watermarking phenomena to protect the copyright information and authentication of digital contents. A novel spatial domain symmetric co...