Physiochemical Investigation of River Kabul at Michini, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Journal Title: Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences (JBES) - Year 2015, Vol 7, Issue 3
Abstract
The present study was conducted on River Kabul at Michini, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan from 25th June to 15th October 2011 in order to assess its water quality by studying its Physico-Chemical parameters. The studied physical and chemical parameters were falling in different ranges during the study period. The mean values for temperature (°C), pH, electrical conductivity (µS/cm), turbidity (NTU), total suspended solids (mg/l), total dissolved solids (mg/l), total solids (mg/l) and river depth (meters) were 18.44±2.46, 8.17±0.673, 212.62±47.299, 509.53±322.037, 1255.07±742.45, 136.13±30.25, 1391.19±714.124 and 1.91±0.645. The mean values for total hardness as CaCO3 (mg/l), Calcium hardness as CaCO3 (mg/l), Magnesium hardness as CaCO3 (mg/l), total alkalinity (mg/l), Chloride (mg/l), Sodium (mg/l), Potassium (mg/l), Nitrite (mg/l), Nitrate (mg/l), Phosphate (mg/l), Ammonia (mg/l) and Sulfate (mg/l) were 138.93±14.004, 85.6±16.83, 53.6±11.79, 101.93±12.763, 12.99±5.675, 8.15±2.5, 4.98±0.85, 0.0557±0.0192, 3.03±0.91, 0.438±0.299, 0.458±0.21 and 80.94±16.49 respectively. All the physical parameters except total suspended solids and turbidity were falling in the safer range. Among the chemical parameters water hardness were slightly higher but were still falling within the suggested permissible limits of World Health Organization. Awareness should be created amongst the villagers residing on the banks to not use river banks as a disposal site for their sewage and garbage.
Authors and Affiliations
Muhammad Rauf, Naeem-Ud-Din, Sana Ullah, Abdul Haseeb, Hussain Shah, Faiz ur Rehman, Mushtaq Khan
Keywords
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