Phytochemistry and Antimicrobial Activity of Extracts from Medicinal Plants Tithonia diversifolia and Olea africana
Journal Title: Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International - Year 2016, Vol 12, Issue 3
Abstract
In an increasing search of new antimicrobial agent to cope with the microbial resistance to antibiotics, scientists are searching from different sources including plants. Plants extracts of the leaves of Tithonia diversifolia and Olea africana were obtained using different solvents. In-vitro antibacterial activity of dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of Tithonia diversifolia and Olea africana were evaluated against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli, using micro-broth diffusion method. Zones of inhibition at different concentrations were recorded in millimeters. Growth of test pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus) were inhibited by dichloromethane leaf extract of T. diversifolia at higher concentration of 25 mg/mL (18 mm zone of inhibition), followed by inhibition of 14 mm (Pseudomonas aeruginosa). E. coli was found to be least sensitive to different plants extracts of T. diversifolia. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was susceptible to methanol extracts of the leaves of O. africana at a concentration of 25 mg/mL (18 mm zone of inhibition) followed by E. coli with a zone of inhibition of 17 mm. Staphylococcus aureus growth was inhibited by ethyl acetate extracts of O. africana with a zone of inhibition of 19.20 mm. Results of the phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tannins, terpenoids, saponins, phenols and flavanoids in dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of T. diversifolia, While alkaloids, terpenoids, tannins and flavones were screened in O. africana extracts. The activity of the crude extract was found to be concentration dependent on all the organisms tested. The occurrence of these phytochemicals in the selected plants of T. diversifolia and O. africana may justify their wide range usage in traditional medicine. However, other genera of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as fungi species should be tested in order to ascertain the broad spectrum activity of the crude extract.
Authors and Affiliations
Kemboi Douglas, Janet Jeruto
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP342156
- DOI 10.9734/BJPR/2016/26566
- Views 97
- Downloads 0
Screening Potential Inhibitors of 11β-hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 for Antidiabetic Drug Development from TCM (Traditional Chinese Medicine) Compound Library
Aims: 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11βHSD1) is an enzyme being responsible for converting cortisone to cortisol which promotes gluconeogenesis in the liver and oppose the action of insulin by directly inhibit...
Anti-hemorrhoid Evaluation of Selected Medicinal Plants Used in Bali North-East Nigeria for the Treatment of Hemorrhoids (Pile)
A medicinal plant is any plant in which one or more of its organs contain substances that can be used for therapeutic purpose or which are precursors for the synthesis of useful drugs. In this research, six (6) selected...
Herbal Drug Development from Traditional Formulations: Refocusing Pharmaceutics and Posology for Accelerated Validation
Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommended that the toxicity data of a traditional medicine (TM) product that has been in use for 20 years or more without untoward effects should be determined, as the fi...
In vitro and in vivo Antitrypanosomal Effects of Methanol and Aqueous Extracts of Picralima nitida
The methanol and aqueous extracts of the leaves, fruits, seeds, stem bark and roots of Picralima nitida were studied in vitro and in vivo for activity against Trypanosoma brucei brucei in Swiss albino mice. Phytochemical...
Investigations into Antibacterial, Phytochemical and Antioxidant Properties of Vitellaria paradoxa (Gaertn.) Stem Bark Extracts
This study investigated the antibacterial potentials and mechanisms of action of crude extract and fractions from stem bark of Vitellaria paradoxa on susceptible bacterial isolates. It also assessed the phytochemical con...