PISTACHIO (Pistacia vera) BY-PRODUCTS AS RUMINANT FEED: A REVIEW ON PRODUCTION, MANAGEMENT AND UTILIZATION IN ARID AND SEMI-ARID AREAS IN THE MIDDLE EAST
Journal Title: Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences - Year 2017, Vol 5, Issue 0
Abstract
This review presents recent knowledge of the inclusion of pistachio by-products in diets of ruminants. Pistachio harvesting and processing result in considerable amounts of by-products which include hulls (the outer cover of fruit), woody shells (mesocarp), blank fruits, clusters (sometimes referred as twigs) and leaves. The by-products can be preserved by natural drying or ensilaging. This review evaluates pistachio by-products in terms of chemical composition, nutritive value and their effects on ruminant performance and product quality. Their nutritive value is affected by factors which include type of by-product, pistachio variety, harvesting time and preservation method. Pistachio by-products can use as a source of protein and energy in ruminant feeding to support maintenance and production of meat, milk, wood and hair. Their replacement value in diets of growing, fattening and lactating ruminants ranges between 21-35%.The replacement values of silage from pistachio by-products ranges between 15-24%. However, the presence of high levels of copper and phenolic compounds in pistachio by-products may restrict their inclusion in high proportions into ruminant diets. There is need for more research on the inactivation of phenolic compounds in pistachio by-products so that they can be fed to ruminants in larger proportions. Further studies are needed to evaluate the effects of pistachio by-products on production and reproduction performance of ruminants as well as product quality. The presence of pesticides, fungicides and phenolic compounds in pistachio by-products necessitate identifying the effect of long term feeding on livestock health.
Authors and Affiliations
Ashraf Alkhtib, Jane Wamatu, Yahya Kaysi, Mohannad Mona, Barbara Rischkowsky
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP427738
- DOI 10.18006/2017.5(6).718.729
- Views 23
- Downloads 0
MICRONUTRIENT CATIONS DISTRIBUTION IN THE SOIL PROFILE OF ORANGE Citrus reticulata) ORCHARD OF TAMENGLONG DISTRICT, MANIPUR (INDIA)
Vertical distribution of DTPA-extractable micronutrient cations (Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn) and their relationship with various soil properties were studied in sixteen profiles of orange orchard of Tamenglong district of Manipur...
Water and Food Security in the Arabian Peninsula: Struggling for More Actions
Food security is a critical issue for the Arabian Peninsula countries due fast population growth, reduced domestic food production and the tighter global food markets because of trading partners’ strained export surpluse...
RAPID ONE STEP PROTOCOL FOR THE in vitro MICRO PROPAGATION OF Morus multicaulis VAR. GOSHOERAMI, AN ELITE MULBERRY VARIETY OF TEMPERATE REGION
Morus multicaulis cv. Goshoerami is the leading mulberry variety for silkworm rearing under temperate climatic conditions of Jammu and Kashmir, India. However, the propagation of this popular mulberry variety has always...
IMPACT OF MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN COCOA FARMS ON SOIL DWELLING ARTHROPODS IN THE EASTERN REGION OF GHANA
In Ghana, several farm management practises are employed by cocoa farmers to control insect pests in cocoa farms. In present study, four plots of the Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, New Tafo-Akim, Ghana, were monitore...
DIRECT LYSIS GLASS MILK METHOD OF GENOMIC DNA EXTRACTION REVEALS GREATER ARCHAEAL DIVERSITY IN ANAEROBIC BIODIGESTER SLURRY AS ASSESSED THROUGH DENATURING GRADIENT GEL ELECTROPHORESIS
DNA extraction from anaerobic biodigester slurry is a critical step in all phylogenetic and metagenomic approaches to characterize highly diverse biodigester ecosystem, but little is known about the efficiency of differe...