Pituitary Adenomas, Challenges and Prospects of Management: A Case Report
Journal Title: IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS) - Year 2019, Vol 18, Issue 2
Abstract
Introduction: Advances in Endocrinology and Neuro-radiology research in recent years have allowed earlier recognition and more successful therapy of pituitary adenomas. Prolactinomas are the most common type. Early clinical recognition of the endocrine effects of excessive pituitary secretion has led to early diagnosis of pituitary tumors before the appearance of late manifestations such as sellar enlargement, panhypopituitarism, and suprasellar extension with visual impairment. We report 2 cases of pituitary adenoma seen at our Endocrine clinic and to highlight the importance of early recognition and management. Clinical presentation: Case 1 is a 62 year old female, businesswoman, Igbo who presented with complaints of visual blurring and recurrent headache of one month duration. Eye symptoms were painless and progressively worsened to develop into partial loss of vision on her right eye and later on her left eye. Case 2 is a 50 year old male, Igbo lawyer who presented with a history of: recurrent visual blurring, poor vision and headache all of 3years duration. There was associated tearing, poor range of vision and persistent eye discomfort. Conclusion: Pituitary adenomas are treated with surgery, irradiation, or drugs to suppress hypersecretion by the adenoma or its growth. The aims of therapy are to correct hypersecretion of anterior pituitary hormones, to preserve normal secretion of other anterior pituitary hormones, and to remove or suppress the adenoma itself. Prognosis depends on tumor type, size and degree of invasion into surrounding structures. Most patients can be approximately treated and will lead full productive lives. Some require long term medications, repeat surgery or radio-surgery to keep their tumor under control. Some may require temporary or lifelong hormone replacement medications.
Authors and Affiliations
Ignatius Ezeani, Chidozie Maduka, Francis Ugoeze
Keywords
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