Polio Eradication in India: Need to Switch over to IPV from OPV
Journal Title: Journal of Medical Science And clinical Research - Year 2014, Vol 2, Issue 5
Abstract
Vaccines have reduced the prevalence of preventable infectious diseases to a minimum level. Small pox and polio are the best examples. Vaccines could be live vaccine or inactivated vaccines. However none of these are absolutely safe. India achieved a major milestone in 2012 with the World Health Organization striking it off the list of polio endemic countries on 25 February 2012, after India completed one year without any case of polio. As the goal of wild poliovirus eradication is approached, concern has been raised about the potential for persistent transmission of oral polio vaccine (OPV) viruses, as these viruses are known to revert toward wild-type neurovirulence. The phenotypic reversion of the OPV strains to neurovirulence is thought to be the underlying mechanism for the reported cases of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis among OPV recipients or their close contacts. However, cases of VAPP have not been reported with the use of inactivated polio vaccine. The “endgame” for worldwide poliomyelitis eradication will require stepwise cessation of the use of oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) for various strains in all countries and finally to switch over to IPV to prevent the danger of vaccine-derived polioviruses—exposing some populations to risk of poliovirus outbreaks.
Authors and Affiliations
Dr. Sharanjit Kaur
Keywords
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