Population load of targeted parasites and bacteria in pit latrine at oshkhandas valley, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan
Journal Title: Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences (JBES) - Year 2015, Vol 6, Issue 2
Abstract
This study is conductedin 2012-2013 in Oshkhandas valley to assess the harmful implications of open defecation. The people of the are deprived from the facility of modern toilet system. So they have constructed a vernacular system known as pit latrine(called as dasichukan in local language).This area has not been conferred a good sanitary system by the concerned departments. Hence this area is the good heaven for pathogens which are causing damage to the economy and heath of the inhabitants of the area. Our research has shown that, annually aconsiderable number of infants, young ones, adults and old age people fall prey to the diseasesby targeted bacteria (E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella) and parasites (Ascaris lumbricoid, Trichuris trichuria, Gardialamblia and Cryptosporidium).Neither vernacular nor scientific technique has been educated to the people of area to minimize the detrimental and injurious influenceof the above said pathogens. The people were also using pit content as organic fertilizer without knowing the fact about how to properly compost it. They were handling with un-composted pit content without taking the available precautionary measures. In this connection this research was carried out and sample were taken from both pit latrine and agriculture field to assess the microbial load in pit and agriculture soil in different months. Our finding revealed that the population burden in pit versus soil did not differ significantly. So proper composting is inevitable to lessen the threats posed by the targeted bacteria and parasites. Overall 100 samples were taken 50 each from pit and 50 each from soil. The microbial population load in pit was observed as 3739/50g while the microbial burden in soil was recorded as3226/50gand totalbacterial and parasite load in both pit and soil was 6965.50/100g.
Authors and Affiliations
Syed Arif Hussain, Khalil Ahmed, Zeba Rasmussen, Arif-un-Nisa Naqvi, A. R Shakoori,Saira Baig
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP38225
- DOI -
- Views 168
- Downloads 0
A review on the biodiesel production, key parameters in transesterification reaction, its effects on the environment and human health
Over the past years with the growing demand for fuel and the reduction of fossil sources and as a result the increase in fuel cost and on the other hand the issue of global hygiene and health has attracted the nations'...
Assessment of bio climatic grapes in Ardabil province
In this study, daily, monthly and annual weather data of synoptic stations in Ardebi region was gathered from Iran Meteorological Organization and then, the homogeneity of data were examined by run test method. To study...
Oxygen plasma as a pretreatment for environmentally friendly low temperature dyeing of wool natural fiber
The aim of the study was to improve the dyeability of wool fiber with acid dye using a simple environmentally friendly pretreatment with oxygen plasma. Low pressure oxygen plasma treated wool yarns were characterized in...
Assessment of the impact of effluent disposal in river ravi at lahore on the water quality for irrigation and recreational purposes at upstream of Balloki Barrage, Pakistan
This paper focuses on the effluent impact on River Ravi received by it from the Lahore city at a number of locations upstream of Balloki Barrage located at 60 km downstream. The Qadirabad-Balloki link canal carries abou...
Application of transgenic plants as factories for producing biopharmaceuticals
Antibodies (Ab) are glycoprotein compounds produced by the vertebrate immune-system. They recognize and bind to their aim antigens with high affinity and specificity, which enable them to be used for numerous applicati...