Post-partum haemorrhage (PPH) and active management of third stage of labour (AMTSL): Review
Journal Title: Santosh University Journal of Health Sciences - Year 2016, Vol 2, Issue 2
Abstract
Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is commonly defined as blood loss exceeding 500 milliliters (mL) following vaginal birth and 1000 mL following cesarean.(1) Proposed alternate metrics for defining and diagnosing PPH include change in hematocrit, need for transfusion, rapidity of blood loss, and changes in vital signs, all of which are complicated by the urgent nature of the condition.(1) PPH is often classified as primary/immediate/early, occurring within 24 hours of birth, or secondary/delayed/late, occurring more than 24 hours post-birth to up to 12 weeks postpartum. In addition, PPH may be described as third or fourth stage depending on whether it occurs before or after delivery of the placenta, respectively. PPH is one of the major causes of maternal mortality around the world with a reported incidence of 2–11%.(2) The exact rates may differ according to data source, country as well as assessment method with prevalence of 10.6% when measured by objective assessment of blood loss and 7.2% when measured by subjective techniques. According to a systematic review the prevalence of PPH with ≥500 ml of blood loss was 10.5% in Africa, 8.9% in Latin America and Caribbean, 6.3% in North America and Europe, and 2.6% in Asia.(2)
Authors and Affiliations
Alpana Agrawal, Amita Sharma, Neelima Agarwal, Manisha Gupta
Keywords
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