Potential Impacts of Sugarcane based Distillery Effluent on Public Health
Journal Title: International Journal of Life Science - Year 2018, Vol 6, Issue 1
Abstract
Distilleries are the main source of water pollution due to presence of number of pollutants like total hardness, total dissolved salts, biological oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand and heavy metals into their effluents. There are about 295 distilleries in India mostly situated in Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh. In India, about 15,000 million liters of spent wash is produced annually. Molasses a by-product of sugar industry is used as a raw material by most of distilleries for production of ethanol by fermentation and distillation processes. The distillery effluent being rich in organic, inorganic as well as volatile material causes deterioration of ground water resources and surface water resources. The toxic materials present in spent wash discharged by distillery categorized as one of the highly polluting industry, enter into food chain due to percolation through soil and irrigation water causing health complications to the human-beings. Spent wash is hydrophilic viscous liquid waste with strong objectionable odor. Molasses based spent wash is highly recalcitrant waste product because of its melanoidin content which is a polymer formed by maillard aminocarbonyl reaction. The disposal of spent wash has becomes a major problem because of the ground water contamination but fresh and marine water pollution is gradually becoming a major threat. The water quality and human health are closely related. The water causes 75% of diseases to the human beings. It is estimated by World Health Organization (WHO) that the 2000 million people in the developing countries along-with India do not have access to safe drinking water, which is the cause of spreading of water borne diseases such as diarrhea and gastroenteritis. One distinct feature of spent wash is the high content of potassium salts which obviously originates from the cane sugar being rich in potash content. According to a study carried out by Muhammad Tariq Mahar et.al the presence of heavy metals in spent wash such as Cu, Cd, Cr, Co, Mn, Pb, Zn, Fe and As was observed higher than NEQS for industrial effluent whereas Tewari N et.al has studied the removal of heavy metals such as Cu, Zn, Fe by using the natural adsorbents by comparative analysis. This warrants to espouse the safe and effective means of effluent treatment to fulfill both practical necessity and a corporate social responsibility for ensuring the prevention of public health and to contribute in accomplishing the Zero Liquid Discharge Target.
Authors and Affiliations
Anagha P Patil, Dilip B Patil, Shantanu R Khandeshwar
Keywords
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