Predictors of environmental lead exposure among pregnant women – a prospective cohort study in Poland
Journal Title: Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine - Year 2014, Vol 21, Issue 1
Abstract
Blood lead levels (BLL) in women of child-bearing age have been decreasing in recent decades, but still remains a concern for long-term effects of child psychomotor development. The aim of the study was to characterize lead exposure among Polish pregnant women and assess the relationship between BLL and selected socio-demographic, economic and lifestyle factors. The study population consisted of 594 pregnant women who had been the subjects of the prospective Polish Mother and Child Cohort Study (REPRO_PL). The women were interviewed three times during pregnancy (once in each trimester. Lead concentration in the blood collected during the second trimester of pregnancy was analyzed using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF-AAS), or inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Active and passive smoking was analyzed by the cotinine level in saliva using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The lead level in the blood ranged from 0.3 – 5.7 μg/dL, with a geometric mean (GM) of 1.1 μg/dL (GSD }0.2 μg/dL). Statistically significant associations were found between BLL and factors such as maternal age (β=0.01; p=0.02), education (β=0.08; p=0.04) and prepregnancy BMI (β=0.1; p=0.001). Additionally, BLL increased with increasing cotinine level in saliva (β=0.02; p=0.06) and decreased with the increasing distance from the copper smelter (β=-0.1; p=0.009). Public health interventions, especially in regions with a higher level of exposure to lead, among women with lower SES and among smokers, are still reasonable.
Authors and Affiliations
Kinga Polańska, Wojciech Hanke, Małgorzata Trzcinka-Ochocka, Danuta Ligocka, Halina Strugała-Stawik, Per Magnus
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP80735
- DOI -
- Views 82
- Downloads 0
Antimicrobial resistance in Enterococcus spp. isolated from laying hens of backyard poultry floks
[b]Introduction and objective[/b]. Enterococci belonging to human and animal gastrointestinal flora are widely-distributed in the environment. They are opportunistic bacteria that can cause severe infections, with the ab...
Impact of Hymenoptera venom allergy and the effects of specific venom immunotherapy on mast cell metabolites in sensitized children
introduction and objective. Mast cells (MC) are effector cells during severe systemic reactions (SR) to Hymenoptera stings. Venom specific immunotherapy (VIT) is the treatment of choice for prevention of SR to stings. Tr...
First report of seroprevalence of <em>Toxoplasma gondii </em>infection in sheep in Pomerania, northern Poland
[b][/b][b][/b][b]Introduction and objective.[/b] [i]Toxoplasmosis[/i] is parasitic disease which has economic relevance for both veterinary and human medicine. In sheep, toxoplasmosis is a major cause of abortion and can...
Ammonia, dust and bacteria in welfare-oriented systems for laying hens.
The use of litter and manure in welfare-oriented systems for laying hens may negatively affect the air quality and the work environment. The objective of the current case study was to compare concentrations of ammonia, d...
Trends of potential years of life lost due to main causes of deaths in urban and rural population in Poland, 2002–2011
The aim of the study was to analyse the level and the trends of Potential Years of Life Lost due to main causes of deaths in Poland in 2002–2011, with consideration of place of residence, urban-rural. The material for th...