Pregnancy and Hormonal Effects on Urinary Tract Infections in Women: A Scoping Review
Journal Title: International Journal of Research and Review - Year 2018, Vol 5, Issue 10
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTI) are among the most common bacterial infections in humans usually caused by Escherichia coli. In our body, estrogen and progesterone hormones play a very important role in the urinary tract. Cyclical variations in these levels during the menstrual cycle changes urodynamics and cause lower urinary tract symptoms. The aim of the review was to know the effect of hormones in women and in pregnant ladies on UTI. Many publications were searched using the keywords in particular databases like PubMed, Trip database etc. Suitable articles were explored by three-stage screening. Decreased estrogen levels cause changes in the vaginal flora and increase the colonization of bacteria. While increased progesterone levels antagonize estrogen actions and cause the ureters muscle tone to relax. This decreases the voiding of urine and its flow leading to the infection. In pregnancy, ureteral dilatation starts at the beginning of the first trimester and develop hydronephrosis gradually. This is due to hormonal changes, primarily by progesterone. As the uterus starts growing, mechanical compression of the urinary tract begins and has more incidence of infections. Unresolved UTI’s may cause many complications in pregnant women as well as in neonates. A decrease in estrogen and an increase in progesterone levels can cause urinary tract infections. Pregnancy can enhance the risk of infections from the end of the first trimester through the mechanical compression and through progesterone release.
Authors and Affiliations
Lakshmi Anjali Konapala
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP482564
- DOI -
- Views 68
- Downloads 0
Extending the Shelf-Life of Banana Cv. “Grande Naine” Using A Cold Room (Ecofrost)
Storage at 13ºC with 95% RH was evaluated as the best condition to maintain the shelf-life of the Banana fruit cv. Grande Naine. Fruit at green stage-1 that were treated with 1% Alum and 1% Benomyl for 10 minutes simulta...
Isomorphic Classification Sequences of Spaces
In this paper we study the isomorphic classifications sequences of C(U_n,X)spaces, the Banach spaces of all continuous X-valued functions defined on infinite compact sequences of metric spacesU_n, equipped with the supre...
The Influence of Trust and Satisfaction on Loyalty of Online Shop Customers (In Toko Jequeleen, Medan)
Industrial Revolution 4.0 has given birth to various businesses; one of which is online shop which offers facilities to shop online and brings impacts on purchase patterns and item sales making it a new model in the shop...
Scientific Literacy of Students Learned Through Guided Inquiry
The research aimed to find out the impact of guided inquiry instruction on scientific literacy in Basic Concept of Biology for Elementary School Course. Participants of the research were 59 students of Primary School Tea...
The Influence of E-Learning to Enhance Basic Science of Medical Students’ Achievement
Background: The quality of learning applied in the Faculty of Medicine, University of Muhammadiyah Surakarta since 2008 refers to the Problem Based Learning method. The curriculum is applied in FK UMS which is then adjus...