Prevalence and Risk Factors of Diabetic Foot among Type 2 Diabetic Patients Attending Diabetic Center in Al-Noor Specialist Hospital in Makkah Al-Mukarramah, Saudi Arabia
Journal Title: International Journal of Medical Research Professionals - Year 2018, Vol 4, Issue 1
Abstract
Background: Diabetic foot complications remain a major problem among patients with diabetes and the health care system. Identification of the risk factors related to the development of diabetic foot is essential in order to develop strategies for avoiding the expected deterioration in the quality of life following amputation. However, in Saudi Arabia, limited data are available on the risk factors for DF. Objectives: To determine prevalence and associated risk factors of diabetic foot among type 2 diabetic patient attending diabetic center at Alnoor specialist hospital in Makkah Al-Mukarramah, June, 2013. Methods: This study is a cross- sectional study including a representative sample of type 2 diabetic patients who attending the diabetic center, Alnoor specialist hospital in Makkah. Data were collected through two tools; checklist: including information that was accessed through the patient’s medical file registry and patient themselves. It included: treatment of diabetes, last reading of HbA1c and fasting blood glucose, lipid profile, peripheral neuropathy, peripheral vascular diseases, evidence of chronic renal disease, retinopathy, ischaemic heart disease, stroke and hypertension. Interview questionnaire: It included information about patient`s age, gender, nationality, marital status, level of education, Body Mass Index (calculated from the height and weight), smoking history, duration of diabetes, family history of diabetes and previous DF or amputation. Results: The study included 300 type 2 diabetic patients. Their age ranged between 20 and 85 years with a mean±SD of 51.6±11.3 years. Males represent 70.3% of the sample. The prevalence of diabetic foot among them was 33%. Compared to Saudi diabetic patients, non-Saudis were less likely to develop DF (OR=0.24; 95%CI:0.07-0.76, p=0.015). As opposed to illiterate patients, those with secondary school and university educational level were at lower significant risk for developing DF (OR=0.10; 95%CI: 0.03-0.40, p=0.001 and OR=0.11; 95%CI:0.03-0.45, p=0.002 respectively). Patients who had family history of diabetic foot were at almost four folded risk for developing DF as compared to those without such history (OR=3.70; 95%CI:1.13-12.12, p=0.031). Similarly, patients who had history of peripheral neuropathy were at almost four-folded risk for developing DF as compared to those without such history (OR=3.90; 95%CI:1.77-8.57, p=0.001). Taking always/often compliance with diabetic diet regimen as a reference category, patients who sometimes, rarely or never compliant with it were at significantly higher risk for developing DF (OR=3.48; 95%CI:1.09-14.28, p=0.002, OR=3.99; 95%CI:1.66-9.28 and OR=8.38; 95%CI:3.26-19.33, p=0.049 respectively). Compared to patients who had less than one year of diabetes, those having diabetes for a period ranged between one anfd five years were at significantly lower risk for developing DF (OR=0.43; 95%CI:0.29-0.91, p=0.001) whereas those having a duration of diabetes of more than ten years were at almost 8-folded risk for developing DF (OR=7.67; 95%CI:2.06-16.29, p=0.001). Conclusions: Diabetic foot is a common health problem among patients with type 2 diabetes attended the diabetic center of Alnoor hospital, Makkah which can lead to high cost for the health care system.
Authors and Affiliations
Faizah Atiah Allah Al-Ghamdi
Keywords
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- EP ID EP529105
- DOI 10.21276/ijmrp.2018.4.1.016
- Views 111
- Downloads 0
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