Prevalence, diagnosis, management and control of important diseases of ruminants with special reference to indian scenario
Journal Title: Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences - Year 2016, Vol 4, Issue 3
Abstract
India possess huge livestock population, which is endangered by different endemic infectious diseases (bacterial, viral, protozoan and parasitic), which collectively causes significant economic losses to the landless poor farming community. Infectious diseases impose economic losses by causing morbidity, mortality, decreased production (milk, meat, wool etc.), decreased feed conversion ratio which results in reduced weight gain, decreased draught power and fertility. Furthermore, economic burden is also due to the cost of treatment, abortion, consequences on internal livestock movement, germplasm and international trade. In addition, some of the diseases are zoonotic and inflicts considerable impact on public health. Uncertain agrarian climate, unpredictable weather, drought, floods, migration of livestock, scarcity of fodders, and unhygienic zoo-sanitary and healthcare practices together resulted in endemicity of diseases ultimately leads to more incidence and prevalence of livestock and poultry diseases throughout the year. Synchronized monitoring and surveillance of disease throughout the country is a fundamental requirement for sustainable livestock production. With fairly developed telecommunication in India, following technologies like interactive voice response system, SMS through mobile/cell phones and toll-free landline phones (voice mail) are required for enhancing the effectiveness and efficiency of disease monitoring and surveillance. Multidisciplinary approaches at international, national and local levels are required for management, control and eradication of endemic and transboundary diseases of livestock. Improved monitoring and/or surveillance, rapid and confirmatory diagnosis, and networking of diseases are required to go forward in the path of eradication. Vaccination is the main strategy for control and eradication of many diseases. Good management practices consisting of stringent biosecurity measures, strick sanitation and hygiene practices in the farm, isolation and quarantine of diseased animals, and trade restrictions are necessary for successful operation of control programmes. This review highlights prevalence, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and prevention and control measures for important diseases of ruminants with special reference to India.
Authors and Affiliations
Mani Saminathan, Rajneesh Rana, Muthannan Andavar Ramakrishnan, Kumaragurubaran Karthik, Yashpal Singh Malik, Kuldeep Dhama
Keywords
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- EP ID EP428145
- DOI 10.18006/2016.4(3S).338.367
- Views 61
- Downloads 0
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