Prevalence of Acid Fast Bacilli in Laboratory Waste Sputum Samples Collected from Government and Private Sector Laboratories in Hooghly and Burdwan District, West Bengal, India
Journal Title: Scholars Journal of Applied Medical Sciences - Year 2015, Vol 3, Issue 9
Abstract
Laboratory staffs become prone to infection when they are exposed to infectious biological agents in the laboratory. The mode of transmission of any pathogen like mycobacterium in the laboratory can be secondary besides primary infection. In our country, particularly in West Bengal the systematic study about safe disposal of laboratory wastes and measures taken for prevention of laboratory acquired microbiologic infection to working staff in government and private run laboratories is scanty. A cross sectional study was conducted to explore the risks of laboratory waste related environmental contamination after getting ethical clearance certificates. Five disposed sputum (remain untreated and kept for disposal) samples were collected randomly from each of the 21 laboratories selected arbitrarily of ‘Hooghly’ district and 20 laboratories of ‘Burdwan’ district (both government and private laboratories) situated within five kilometer radius surrounding the district/sub-divisional/rural hospitals with prior consent of the laboratory authorities. Study included microbiological examination of sputum for microscopy for AFB by Ziehl Neelsen staining and for culture of AFB using LJ media. The Z.N. smear test positivity for 24% cases and AFB culture test positivity for 24% revealed the existence of acid fast bacilli in laboratory waste samples out of 25 samples from government laboratories, whereas out of total 80 samples, collected from private laboratories, 8.75% samples were found positive for Z.N. smear test and 7.5% samples were found positive for AFB culture for ‘Hooghly’ district. The Z.N. smear test confirmed 6.67% positivity for acid fast bacilli which was established by 10% AFB culture positive test for samples collected from the government sector laboratories of ‘Burdwan’ districts. In private sector laboratories, out of total collected samples 5.71% samples showed positivity for Z.N. smear test and 4.29% samples showed positivity for AFB culture test. Mycobacterial findings of LW-sputum for AFB by Z.N. staining was higher in ‘Hooghly’ district than of ‘Burdwan’ district in both government and private sector, which reflected the same pattern in case of AFB culture positive reports in the said district. In ‘Burdwan’ district incident of AFB culture positivity raised a higher position than AFB smear positive cases in government and private sector of both districts. It may be a result of higher attendance of the labour class tubercular patients of industrial areas, who belonged to ‘Hooghly’ district with a poor socio economic life style. Better result in ‘Burdwan’ district may be the outcome of good health awareness, knowledge and environment disseminated by the medical colleges of that district. Training in this respect is essential for the staff exposed professionally to clinical specimens and laboratory wastes. Risks of laboratory acquired infection (LAI) can be minimized among technical staff by practicing the standard precautions. Proper laboratory waste management is only possible through stringent follow of its standard procedures and rules. Keywords: Laboratory waste management, Sputum Samples, Mycobacterium -Acid Fast Bacilli, transmission of pathogen, Hooghly and Burdwan district
Authors and Affiliations
Baladev Das, Raja Ray, Kausik Chatterjee, Sudipta Das, Debidas Ghosh
Keywords
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